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1492
Columbus "discovers" america
lands in hispanica and think hes in India -
1519
Hernando cortez
Claimed new colonies for spain and Conquered the Aztec empire -
1532
Francisco Pizarro
Claimed new colonies for Spain and Conquered the inca empire in peru -
1539
Hernan de Soto
Assisted Pizarro with the conquest of the inca and First to discover and cross the mississippi river -
Period: 1565 to
Spanish settlement in the Americas
Land divided into states called ENCOMIENDAS. Harsh, forced labor systems in which native Americans farmed, ranched, or mined
-Spanish settlers and native americans intermarried, creating a mixed race called MESTIZOS. -
Period: to
ENGLISH SETTLEMENT IN THE AMERICAS
Captain : john white sailed back for england for supplies.
Virginia dare- first baby born in america to english parents ( granddaughter if john white)
When he returned, he found the settlement empty.
The word “ croatoan” was carved into a tree
Historians believe the colonists either starved, attacked by native americans, or joined with a native american tribe -
Jamestown, Virginia
1st successful English settlement
1607- founded by the Virginia company
Primarily settled to make money -
French settlement in the Americas
-only catholics allowed in the new territory, except for french protestants
- became fur traders
- all decisions made by the monarch of france - no self government -
French settlement in the Americas
only catholics allowed in the new territory, except for french protestants
- became fur traders
- all decisions made by the monarch of france - no self government -
Dutch settlement in the Americas
Offered huge land tracts called Patroonships.
Obtained by bringing 50 tenants to the colony
Few restrictions on who could settle in new amsterdam- kept settlers from being attracted to the area -
Dutch settlement in the Americas
Offered huge land tracts called Patroonships.
Obtained by bringing 50 tenants to the colony
Few restrictions on who could settle in new amsterdam- kept settlers from being attracted to the area -
Roger Williams
-Believed in religious freedom, separation of church and state, and fair treatment of the native americans
-Considered a “separatist”
-banished from massachusetts in 1636
-Left and established providence, Rhode island on land he bought from the native americans -
Anne Hutchinson
Held private prayer meetings and challenged authority of puritans minister and leaders
- Brought up on heresy charges in 1637
-Banished from colony and moved to Rhode island -
Pequot War
Pequot indians in connecticut resisted white settlement
In 1637, pequot were virtually wiped out by the english
Germs, Guns, Technology -
Period: to
King Philip's war
Involved the wampanoag indians in the plymouth colony
They began to attack white settlement
Indians were defeated and marked the end to indian resistance in new england -
Period: to
the french and Indian war
Fighting french settlers and native Americans over land
Established Britain as the most powerful country in new world
British received all lands in Canada and east of Mississippi river.
french and the Indians came together to try to defeat Britain but they lost. -
Quebec war
The turning point in the war occurred on September 13, 1759, when British General James Wolfe defeated French forces at Quebec in a siege that lasted almost two months. Montreal and Detroit, the other two French strongholds would fall soon after. -
Proclamation of 1763
Prevented colonists from moving west if Appalachian
Increased tensions between Britain and colonists -
The sugar act: 1764
Came at a time of economic depression in colonies
Made smuggling more dangerous
Boston merchants protested with boycotts
Previous tax on sugar and molasses was not being paid
Colonists smuggled to avoid paying tax
George Grenville of parliament reduced the tax but increased enforcement, hoping to be able to collect it -
The quartering Act: 1765
Parliament required colonists to provide living quarters(housing and supplies) to British soldiers in the colonies
Colonists resented giving housing to troops that were enforcing new taxes
listed as a grievance in declaration of independence -
The stamp act: 1765
Printed materials must be printed on stamped paper
Colonists cried “ no taxation without representation”
Protested by the sons of liberty ( Ben Franklin, Sam Adams, Paul revere) With violence and intimidation
Repealed in 1766 as ineffective -
Boston Massacre
A clash between British troops and townspeople in Boston in 1770.
The British fired into a crowd that was threatening them, killing five civilians and wounding 6 others.
The soldiers had been sent to help the government maintain older and were sent by colonists.
The killings increased the colonists desire to declare their independence from great Britain -
Coercive/intolerable acts
Passed by parliament in response to Boston tea party
Closed Boston harbor
Placed a military governor in Massachusetts
Colonists in Boston, Massachusetts could not export goods or import goods -
Lexington and concord
Minutemen- Needed to be prepared to fight on a minutes notice
First military engagements of the revolutionary war
The first shots starting the revolution were fired at Lexington, Massachusetts
On April 18,1775, British general Thomas gage sent 700 soldiers to destroy guns and ammunition the colonists had stored in the town of concord, Just outside of boston
They also planned to arrest samuel adams and john hancock, Two of the key leaders of the patriot movement. -
The Declaration of independence
Thomas jefferson
July 4, 1776
Purpose: Listed all of the colonists grievances against the crown; explained why they were declaring independence
Significance: Proclaimed the united states of america was forevermore a free nation -
Land ordinance of 1785
Congress sold tracts of land to raise money
Divided land into 36 square mile units with unit 16 set aside for schools
Divided the ohio territory -
The united states constitution
1787- Delegates met to revise the Articles of confederation but decided to create a new constitution
Of course, everyone had different ideas about how it should work -
Northwest ordinance of 1787
Created guidelines for admission as states in the us
As 5,000 settlers, territory could send a non voting representative to congress.
As 60,000 settlers, territory could apply for statehood
Outlawed slavery in the area -
Judiciary Act of 1789
No details for a court system in the Constitution
Federal law remained the “Supreme Law of the Land”
Washington wanted to set up a federal court system headed by a Supreme Court
Chief justice, five associate justices
More justices added over time -
Marbury v Madison
Marbury sued to have the Supreme Court order that his papers be delivered in the now famous case Marbury v. Madison
The Supreme Court was required by a provision of the Judiciary Act of 1789 to order that the papers be delivered
Chief Justice John Marshall’s first case -
Jay’s Treaty - Great Britain - 1794
British began stopping US ships bound for France and impressing seamen (taking US sailors captive and forcing them to serve the British)
Intended to hurt the French, but hurt US trade
Jay’s Treaty
Chief Justice John Jay went to Britain and returned with a treaty
British agreed to stop impressing US sailors and to evacuate the NW Territory -
Pinckney’s Treaty - Spain - 1795
Spain afraid of alliance between Great Britain and the US
Spain barred the US from the lower part of the Mississippi River and the Port of New Orleans
US needed Mississippi River to transport goods
Pinckney’s Treaty
Opened up the southern part of the Mississippi River and New Orleans
Established the northern border between Spanish Florida and the US -
Period: to
Amendments 11-27
Amendments added to the constitution between 1795 and 1992 to protect the rights of citizens in the united states -
Election of 1796
Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republican) v. John Adams (Federalist)
John Adams elected as the 2nd president
Thomas Jefferson - his political rival, becomes Vice President
Federalist President
Democratic Republican Vice President
Constitution did not call for separate Electoral votes for president and vice president
Federalist Era -
Convention of 1800
Meeting between united states and France over the Quasi-Wars- conflict in the Caribbean over shipping and trade
Hostility between us and France following the XYZ affair
Convention of 1800 resolved the conflict between US and France- delicate balance with no alliance to avoid war with great Britain
End of any US foreign alliance for another 100 years
US neutrality -
Election of 1800
Battle between the federalists and democratic republicans
Federalists candidate: Incumbent John Adams
Running mate: charles pinckney
Democratic republican candidate: Thomas Jefferson
Running mate: Aaron burr
Electoral college voted- Jefferson and his running mate, Aaron burr tied -
Period: to
Lewis and Clark Expedition
The Corps of Discovery left St. Louis, Missouri on May 14, 1804
Along the way, a Native American woman was enlisted to serve as a guide and interpreter - Sacajawea
The expedition led to a large migration of settlers to the Pacific Northwest - traveled via the Oregon Trail
Two years and four months later on September 23, 1806, the Corps of Discovery returned to St. Louis -
Embargo Act of 1807
British impressments of US sailors continued, in spite of Jay’s Treaty
British blockading US ships bound for France
US did not want to get involved with problems between Britain and France
President Jefferson declared an embargo(no trade) with Britain and France
Jefferson’s alternative to war
Believed it would hurt Britain and other European countries and force them to accept American Neutrality
Embargo actually hurt America more than Britain
Very unpopular, mistake for Jefferson -
War of 1812
British military aid to Native Americans on the frontier
British impressments of American sailors - Jay’s Treaty
Embargo Act - Jefferson’s alternative to war
War Hawks - Pushed for war with Great Britain -
War of 1812- battles
Battle of horseshoe bend
Cherokee assisted andre jackson in defeating the creeks, who were allied with the british
Opened up the southwest for settlement
Treaty of Ghent
Ended the war of 1812- no gains for either side
Land boundaries returned to pre war status
Battle of New Orleans
Won after treaty of Ghent- made jackson a national hero
Jackson's troops defeated the british
US suffered 8 deaths, the british suffered over 700 -
Elections of 1812
James madison re-elected in 1812 -
Missouri compromise
1812- the extension of slavery into new territories divides the north and south - conflict over states rights
Needed a balance of slave and free states to maintain the sectional balance
Remaining Louisiana territory split into- one part is for slave holding states and one party for free settlers -
James monroe elected 1816 era of good feelings Era of good feelings
Following the war of 1812, the united states entered into a period of national pride and political unity
No divisions among political parties
No problems with foreign nations -
Panic of 1819
Us faced widespread economic problems
Foreclosure
Bank failures
Unemployment
Slump in agriculture and manufacturing -
Adams onis treaty
Secretary of state- John Quincy Adams
Negotiated a treaty with spain-1819
Us acquired Florida and established a firm boundary between the Louisiana territory and Spanish territory in the west -
McCulloch V. Maryland
1819- supreme court( john marshall) ruled that congress had the right to establish a national bank under the necessary and proper clause of the constitution
Power of federal government over state government
