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Period: 1095 to 1291
Crusades are Fought
The main goal of the crusades was to control Jerusalem and the Holy Land. Women were known to fight in the crusades they would dress in mens clothing and go into battle. the Christan people wanted to control Jerusalem because it was the site were christ was crucified and rose form the dead. The main crusades took place over a period of 200 years. the crusades fought mainly between the Arbs that controlled Jerusalem and europeans armies, mainly the Holy Roman Empire. -
Period: 1185 to
Era of the Smaurai
The warriors of premodern Japan. They made up the ruling military class. They became the highest ranking social caste of the Edo period.Samurai employed a range of weapons. They used bows, arrows, spears, and guns but were known for using their sword. -
1337
100 year war
The 100 year war was a long struggle between England and France over succession to the France throne. England dominated the initial phase of the 100 years war under Edward the third. Treaty of Bretigny brought the first phases of the war to an end. Treaty of Troyes gave England the throne of France. Battle of Agincourt was the greatest victory for England in the 100 years war. -
1347
Black Death
- Arrived in Europe first
- Came by trade ship
- Killing 25-60% Europeans
- Cause boils, fever and usually caused death.
- Dead body pilled up inside and outside city walls where they lay until mass graves can be dug.
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Period: 1400 to 1500
Columbian exchange
Crops would be introduced to the old world as a result of the columbian Exchange including coffee,bananas, apples,wheat, and rice. Animals where introduced. Some diseases where brought to the new world. While Europeans never had seen tomatoes or potatoes in the old world, native americans had never seen apples or cows.Hawaii was pineapple-free prior to the columbian exchange. -
Period: 1400 to 1500
Slave Trade
*There were about 350 to 600 slaves on these boats
*84% of slaves began brought to the new world for sugar plantations..
*About 4 million died during forced marches to the coast of Africa
* About 1.5 million died on ships of transport during the slave trade
* About 12 million African Slaves entered the Atlantic slave trade between 16 and 19 centuries. -
1431
Jona od Arc Burned at the Stake
While commander of the french army, Joan of arc didn't participate in active combat. Joan of Arc had a famously volatile temper. Joan of Arc created the bob haircut style. Some doctors diagnosed Joan of Ark with disorders ranging from epilepsy to Schizophrenia. Jonas real name was Jehanne d'Arc -
1440
Johannes Gutenberg Printing Press
The first thing printed was a version of the bible.The bible that was printed was one of the most valuable books in the world. Gutenberg also created an oil-based ink which worked better then water based ink. Johannes Gutenberg was considered one of the most influential people in history. -
1453
Fall of Constantinople
The siege of the city lasted 54 days. About 15,000 were killed by the turks. The turks had an army of 80,000-100,000 men. Emperor Constantine XI Paleologos died a hero's death. Before the siege began the entire civilization population refortify the walls. -
Period: 1457 to 1509
King Henry VII Reigns
He was not a military man. Henry overcame several rebellions during his reign. He used marriages to strengthen the the relationships between England and European Kingdoms. He became king after he won the battle of Bosworth. He was very frugal and managed his mass fortune. -
1469
The Prince
Italian author and statesman Niccolò Machiavelli. There is nothing more difficult to plan, more doubtful of success, nor more dangerous to manage then the creation of a new system (he said that). He wrote the book "The prince" . He was one of the most important political thinkers of the renaissance. Had 4 sons and 2 daughters. -
1478
Start of the Spanish Inquisition
*Established to combat heresy in Spain
*In practice the Spanish inquisition served to consolidate power in the monarchy of the newly unified Spanish Kingdom.
* Ended through infamously brutal methods
* Judicial Institution
* The grand inquisitor acted as the head of the Inquisition in Spain. -
1492
Christopher Columbus Lands in the New World
- Set sail with 3 ships
- Columbus discovered America.
- Columbus introduced syphlils to Europe
- The estimate circumference at 25,000 miles
- He died less then three week after he returned home
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1503
Mona Lisa
It was painted by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. More than 7 million to build. The Mona Lisa is priceless and cant be insured for any amount of money. There are previous layers beneath of her in different poses. She dose not have any eyebrows in the picture. -
1508
Edict of Nantes
- Granted freedom of worship
- French royal decree establishing toleration for Huguenots
- The Edict was revoked by Louis XIV in 1685
- Brought temporary end to religion wars *The huguenots ended up coming back in the church after it was revoked
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1508
Michelangelo begins painting the Sistine Chapel
The ceiling is in the Sistine Chapel. He painted in a standing position. He had a terrible time painting the ceiling if the chapel. He rote a poem about his misery. One part of the ceiling in the chapel resembles like the human brain. -
1517
Martin Luther post 95 Theses
This wasn't the first time indulgences were criticized. Luther's theses were published without his permission. The theses were originally meant to be a spark for academic debate. The 95 theses were also distributes as a paper afterward. Another of his predecessors was Jon Hus. -
1521
Cortez Conqured the Aztecs
- Led by Hernando Cortes
- Landmark victory for the European settlers
- Following the Spanish arrival in Mexica a huge battle erupted
- the events that occurred where crucial to develop of the american lands
- when the Spanish came back they had god riches
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1527
Renaissance Begins
The renaissance happened in the early 14th century to the late 16th century. The renaissance was a time of creativity, imagination and curiosity. the word 'renaissance' is a french word that means 'rebirth'. The influence of the renaissance impacted and shaped the future. the changes that happened led to a modern era. -
1533
Ivan the Terrible's reign
- He was the first Russian tsar
- He began as a reformer
- He carried out the first mass repressions in Russia
- He waged wars
- He had a hard childhood
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Period: 1533 to
Queen Elizabeth's reign
*She was very likes
*Reigned for 45 years
*She works well with parliament
*She normally got what she wanted
*She was a protestant -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Counter Reformation
The counter reformation can also be called the Catholic Reformation. This took place roughly the same time that the protestant reformation. Luther is recognized as being the most influential figure of the reformation. Luther's 94 thesis is representing the symbolic beginnings of the protestant reformation in 1517. They led a series of religious wars. -
1555
Peace of Augsburg
- Temporary settlement within the holy roman empire
- Each prince got to decide whether lutheranism or Roman Catholicism to prevail the lands
- Dissenters were allowed to emigrate and the free cities were obligated to allow both catholics and lutherans to practice there religions.
- Calvinists and others were ignored
- If you were a protestant in 1552 then you had to forfeit their offices and incomes.
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Spanish Armada
- Spanish fleet of 130 ships
- Sailing to La Coruña
- Under command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia
- Purpose of escorting the army from Flanders to invade England
- "Great and most Fortunate Navy"
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William Shakespeare's Death
- In truth they actually don't know the exact date Shakespeare's death was unknown, but assumed from a record
- His funeral was 2 days after his death
- The grave is at Stratford upon Avon ( his home town )
- He had just updated his will
- Hid tomb's Epitaph is actually a curse.
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Petition of rights
*English constitutional document
*Sets specific liberties
*written by parliament
*Objection to overreach the authority of King Charles
*Major infringement on the civil rights -
King Charles the First Execution
- monarch of three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
- Charles ruled without the parliament during the Eleven Years’ Tyranny *His decision to impose a tax known as Ship Money was hugely unpopular *His capture marked the end of the First English Civil War
- Charles I is the only English king to be executed
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Period: to
Opium War
Drug addicts were the root of the opium war. The first opium war began "the century of humiliation". The war ended with an unequal treaty. The second opium war was not just about opium. The British received assistance from other countries. -
Lord George Macartney expelled
He was a British statesman. He is often known by his observation following the Britain's successes in the seven years war. He was the governor if Grenada. Also the Governor of madras.He was appointed the first envoy of Britain to China.
