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The cultural reborn of Europe. It was the rediscovery of Greek and
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A devastating disease that ravaged Europe. It killed about 60% of the population.
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Linear Perspective changed art. It allowed art to be presented as 3D objects.
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First translated bible printed. It changed the culture of Europe.
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One of the most famous pieces of Renaissance art. It depicts Jesus at his last meal.
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One of the most known places of the Renaissance. It was painted by Michelangelo and includes many biblical scenes.
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Phillip II reigned from May 21, 1527 until September 13, 1598. He inherited Spain, spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies. He was shy, hard working, and worked alone. In 1580, he inherited Portugal, which had strongholds in Africa, India, and the East Indies. By 1600 the New World supplied Phillips empire with lots of gold and silver. During his reign he defended catholicism against protestants and muslims. In 1588 he launched the spanish armada, but the massive fleet failed.
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Period of European history in which monarchs successfully gathered the wealth and power of the state to themselves. Louis XIV is the poster image of the absolute monarch.
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Establishes religious tolerance in France and allows Hueguenots to establish houses of worship.
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Louis inherits throne after death of his father and establishes himself as a weak king.
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Conflict over religion,territory and power amongst European ruling families causes war which lasts from 1618 to 1648. During first 12 years, Hapsburgs were victorious. Cardinal Richilieu and his son dominated following years of the war, which ended with Peace of Westphalia.
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Lasted 1642-1649. Between supporters and opponents of King Charles I. Charles' supporters were called Royalists and Parliament supporters were Puritans.
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The idea of a social contract was documented in its earliest stage in Thomas Hobbes' "Leviathan." He stated that a person with absolute authority should rule a nation, and he should be responsible for ensuring the protection and prospering of his people. He came up with his ideas out of fear of political turmoil engulfing England at the time.
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a philosophical movement of the 18th century marked by a rejection of traditional social, religious, and political ideas and an emphasis on rationalism
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James II was king of England, and disliked Parliament. He was also Catholic. Parliament then asked James II's daughter to come and try to overthrow James II. They did come back and succeeded. Parliament made them king and queen, and they made the Crown and Parliament equal in power.
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On December 16, 1689, the English Bill of Rights was passed by the English parliament. King and Queen William and Mary also had to sign it before they got their positions as so. It prevented the Crown from raising taxes without parliament’s permission. It led way to England becoming a constitutional monarchy.
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Charles II of Spain lest the nation of Spain to a grandson of Louis XIV, meaning France and Spain were now joined as one nation now. The issue is that many of the people didn't like the union. England and Holland went to war to split the two nations up. The Treaty of Utrecht ended the violence, where the grandson ceded his ability to rule France, therefore ending the union.
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In 27 years, Diderot wrote 28 volumes of his book, "Encyclopedia." It praised the ideas of the enlightenment. It was much like what we think an encyclopedia is. In the end, Diderot had to go into hiding to finish the last few volumes. Like many enlightenment thinkers, he was disliked by the powerful Catholic Church, and was in danger. It was also a large influence in the French Revolution.
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The time period saw the mechanization of agriculture and textile manufacturing and a revolution in power, including steam ships and railroads, that effected social, cultural and economic conditions.
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The second tax that Brittan forced onto the colonists. This required a stamp to be put onto any paper products. This was also repealed.
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The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America.
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When the price of bread sky rocketed, women marched to the royals and demanded bread. They took the royals as prisoners.
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Members of the Third Estate declared themselves as the National Assembly. They took sovereign powers in respect of taxation and decided to frame a constitution restricting of the king's powers.
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The revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799.
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A decree by the National Assembly that established a national church system with elected clergy. The voting for these positions was open to anyone who met certain relatively criteria, such as property ownership.
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The king was placed on trial after the National Convention Convened. Louis XVI was scheduled to die the next day after he got arrested. On that day, Louis began to deliver a speech at place de la Re'volution but a drum roll drowned out his voice. He was pushed into place on the guillotine. When the deed was done, a young guard held up the drifting head for all to see.
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The Napoleonic era begins roughly with Napoleon Bonaparte's coup d'état, overthrowing the Directory, establishing the French Consulate, and ends during the Hundred Days and his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo
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After a staged Coup, Napoleon has been accepted as a highly member of the government. As he was a political and military leader before, this boosted the people's confidence and faith in Napoleon. The people chose Napoleon to be their new king. The people of France hope this will be a good replacement from Loius XVI.
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An agreement between Pope Pius and Napoleon that states the Roman Catholic church will be the majority of churches in France. This renewed the churhes power and created nationalism for France. France now has a common factor among the people, religion
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Humphry Davy invents the first electric light - the first arc lamp. Makes home life easier for people with the money to buy one.
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Russia's withdraw was the main incentive for Napoleon to surrender the continental system. Without the help of the worlds biggest counrty, Napoleon was left with a feeling of helplessness and defeat. This marked the first downfall of Napoleon. This showed his true power and his true allies.
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Russia, Prussia, Austria and Sweden all invaded France as allies at Leipzig, Saxony.This was the true fall of Napoleon. He has turned his allies against him and succeeded to make France have a terrible reputation among the nations of the world. Causing nationalism to be very poor in France.
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George Stephenson designs the first steam locomotive. Eventually makes travel over long distances much easier. Also alows massive amounts of goods to be transported across land easily.
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Napoleon is exiled to Elba and France goes back to pre-napoleonic borders. Naploeon has almost lost all his power in the world and is becoming weak and defenseless.
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Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. As Napoleon, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and again briefly in 1815
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American, W.A. Burt invents a typewriter. Alows papers and books to be written more efficiently
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Henry Blair patents a corn planter, he is the second black person to receive a U.S. patent. Makes it far easier to plant one of the main staple crops of the North and Midwest
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Samuel Morse invents the telegraph. Begins a time of lightning fast communication
