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Monopoly
Charles the second granted the Hudson Bay Company a monopoly on all trading around the Hudson bay. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years war. France got 2 islands along Newfoundland. -
Royal Proclaimation
The proclaimation was used to sort out the North American's empire. The first nation people were given an area of the Indian Reserve because the British were hoping they would 'adopt' the english language. -
Quebec Act
In 1774 the British government passed the Quebec Act, allowing the Canadiens to maintein their french character. They did this is attempt to gain the loyalty of the French, which would help strengthen the British Empire. Another reason they did that was because the British wanted the St. Lawrence river that had a straight connection to the Atlantic Ocean which lead straight to England. -
American Revolution ends
The Treaty of Paris ended the American Revolution(the war of independence) by Britain surrendering the lands south of the great lakes ( formerly known as the thirteen colonies). -
More colonies
The British government created two more colonies which were New Brunswick and Cape Breton Island. -
The Constitutional Act
The problems that started between the english speakers that moved to Quebec and theFrench that was already there lead to the Constitutional Act. This act split Upper and Lower Canada, into Canada west and east and gave them both a representative vote. -
The War of 1812
The war of 1812 was between USA and great Britain. The major battles were fought in Upper and Lower Canada. Since Britain didn't have much money because of the seven year war, they took away the tax agreement that had existed throughout the seven year war. That caused discontent in Canada. With the Canada getting upset with the British, it was the perfect time for U.S to attack. The U.S. thought that Canada would join them due to their discontent with the British. -
The ending to the war
The war was considered "the war that nobody one". Canada would have lost if not for the natives. Sir Issac Brock was the British Army officer who led the army defending Upper Canada from the United States. He ended up gaining alot of respect from natives- he treated them better than most. The natives joined the army because Cheif Tecumseh was angered by the U.S. for trying to expand into the Native land. Around 600 Indians fought alongside Brock. -
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Sir John A. Macdonald
Sir John A. was a very big supporter of Confederation. He was the first prime minister of Dominion of Canada. He was involved with the Pacific Scandal. -
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George Brown
George Brown ended up supporting Confederation. He was part of many important events such as the Great Coalition. -
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Jerry Potts
Jerry Potts was a mean man who drank alot but was still very respected. He was so respected because he was so good at his job. Jerry spoke many languages and had a Metis background. He worked as a guide and translator for the Northwest Mounted Police. Jerry helped lead the NWMP to Fort Whoop-up where whiskey was being traded illegally. He acted like a rat. -
Act of Union
The Act of Union recommended that Upper and Lower Canada be United and that responsible government be granted to British North colonies.The act of union created the United Province of Canada which was a single government with equal representation from both Canada West and East. -
Corn Laws
The bill "Repeal of the Corn Laws" was made to guarantee that no "cheap wheat" (which they called corn) would be imported. Due to this, the farmers in British North America couldn't compete with the British markets so they decided to abandon their farms and move to the United States. -
Reciprocity
The governer general of the province of Canada, Lord Elgin reported to the British government that 3/4 of the Montreal Merchants had faced bankruptcy.
In 1854, Elgin created the "Reciprocity Treaty" through persuasion. This treaty created a policy for free trade in some items between the United States and British North America. He told the United States that the BNA could give them fish and timber and that they could have access to their waterways. -
Rebellion Losses Bill
The rebellion Losees bill was for the people of Canada East who demanded repayment for their losses during the rebellion. Canada West had already been granted repayment. There was a debate over who was going to repay the rebels and some wanted Canada to join the United States. Consequently, the parliment buildings in Montreal were burned down. -
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Sam Steele
Sam Steele was an honest white man. We was allied with the Natives and negotiated treaties with the First Nations. His job was to maintain order during the building of the CPR and he was a commanding officer during the Klondike Gold Rush. He was a good man who tried to make things fair for the Natives. -
Reciproctiy
The treaty between the United States and British North America was signed which lead to a greater trade and an increase in the British North American economic stability. -
Emily Jennings Stowe
Emily became the first female principal in 1854. -
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Clifford Sifton
Clifford Sifton was the Federal Minister of Immigration. He was appointed to this by Sir John A. His responsibility was to attract settlers. Some kinds of settlers he was supposed to attract were Italians, Portuguese, Spanish and Greeks (for building) and Germans, Polish, Russians and Norwegians (for farming). One idea he had was to interview good looking people to go to Europe and hand out fliers. This made people think that if they went to Canada they would meet good-looking people. -
Charlottetown Conference
Sir John A. Macdonald, Cartier, Alexander Galt, George Brown, William Pope, D'arcy Mcgee, Maritimers and representatives from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and delegates from Canada West and East attended this conference. It was to explore the idea of joining a maritime union and to discuss Canadian Confederation. The idea of a larger Maritime colony, the large distance between the the two colonies (Canada East/West and the Maritime colonies) and the idea of unification were -
Charlottetown Conference cont.
discussed. The leades of Canada East also promoted the benefits of free trade especially since American and British trade were slowing down. In the end, they made a final decision that the idea of union should be furthur discussed in the conference of Quebec. The picture to the left shows the room where the Charlottetown Conference was held. -
Quebec Conference
The Quebec Conference met up to work out all the possible details for unification. Everyone that attended the Charlottetown conference attended the Quebec one as well as representatves from Newfoundland. Whether or not Newfoundland and PEI were going to join the others were discussed. After two weeks of discussion, Newfoundland and PEI decided that it wasn't the time for them to join the others. The colonies that remained drew up the seventy-two resolutions. -
Seventy-two resolutions
The seventy-two resolutions were made to guide the construction of the Canadian nation. They would then have to take the resolutions to London to be aprroved by the British government. Some points in it were that one central government would be created to look after things that would affect everyone, local governments would be kept for local issues, elections would take place through rep by pop, there would be an appointed Senate and an elected House of Commons. -
London Conference
The London Conference was to present the Seventy-two Resolutions to the British officials. During the London meetings, the representatives from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick made beneficial changes. New Brunswick was assured about an intercolonial railway being built. -
BNA Act introduced
The bill, which was a modified version of the Seventy-two Resolutions (named the British North America Act) was introduced to the British Parliament. Within a few months the bill was passed. At the time only Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick had agreed to join Confederation. -
British North America Act
Queen Victoria proclaimed that the Dominion of Canada would be created on May 22, 1867.The Act was the first constitiution of Canada. The Act stated that the federal and provincial government would each have its own powers. The federal/ central government would be very strong and have power over taxation, money, postal service, fishery, criminal law, trade, Aboriginal peoples etc. The provincial government had power over management of public lands, prisons, hospitals property and civil law. -
Manitoba Joins Confederation
The Canadian government had bought Rupert's land from the Hudson's Bay Company in 1868. Then after many months of consideration, they decided that the area around the Red River Settlement should become a province. Manitoba became Canada's fifth province. In the same year Rupert's land was purchased. This area was renamed the Northwest Territories. -
British Columbia joins confederation
British Columbia was the next province to join confederation. The province had been heavily in debt in 1868 due to all the money spent on services during the gold rush. The gold rush had been over and the colony had been spending more money importing goods than exporting. People in the colony of BC started considering the advantages economically if they were to join Canada. Finally, Great Britain decided that joining Canada would be the best way for BC to keep its link with the British Empire. -
Dominion Land Act
This act gave settlers alot of land out in the West. It had a ten dollar registration fee- though ten dollars was worth alot more before. To get the land, settlers had to live and work on the land for three years. If one left, the land would be given up and lose the registration fee. The government made this because settlement in the prairies would make the CPR construction easier and also keep the Americans from invading. -
Prince Edward Island joins Confederation
At first PEI had rejected the idea of Confederation. However, in the end economic problems had caused PEI to consider joining Canada. The decision to build a railway had caused the province to be on the verge on bankruptcy. Canada offered to take care of the railway debts in PEI was to join Canada. -
Pacific Scandal
Sir John A. Macdonald needed money for his campaign of the Conservative party. He took what would be around seven million dollars now for Sir Hugh Allan in return of letting him win the bid to build the railway. The conservatives won the election but just barely. However, words soon leaked about this illegal bribe and John A. was asked to resign from office. -
Northwest Mounted Police
The NWMP was established to keep peace, look over construction of the CPR in the prairies, cease Americans from invading and stop whiskey traders. -
After the Scandal
After John A. was asked to resign, another election was called. The Conservatives lost in this and the Liberals came to power. Alexander Mackenzie became the new prime minister.
Alexander Mackenzie created the idea of a secret ballot and also a new policy came into order. The statement created made all the parties file how much they spent on a campaign. -
Indian Act
This act was to govern the First Nation people and their land. The Act was only for full-blooded Indians (that meant no Metis). The Indians gained privileges. People that lived on the reserves were called "Wards of the State". That meant they were supported by the government but they had no right to vote or drink. -
Return of John A.
The conservatives were later elected back into power due to the Nation Policy John A. proposed.The national Policy promoted the transcontinental railway, settlement of the West and protective tarrifs. The protective tariifs raised the tarrifs on foreign manufactured goods which helped make Canadian imports more expensive. During the time Alex. Mack. was in power, the work on the railway slowed down and stopped because Alex. didn't care about the CPR and the time to build the railway was ticking. -
Canadian Pacific Railway
The CPR was a promise to B.C. Alot of private companies didn't see how the railway would be beneficial. There was a competition to see who would build the railway. The company that built the railway was promised financial benefits. The Bank of Montreal won this competition. The railway was finally finished building on 1885. -
Dr. Augusta Stowe Gullen
She was the first women to graduate from a Canadian medical school. -
The North-West Rebellion
Louis Riel was back. The Metis had called Louis to help him because they were getting pushed out of Saskatchewan.They had tried to petition a gain of rights to Sir John A. Sir John A. just ignored them. On March the 19th, government troops attacked the Metis. The protestant church (Batoche) was seized. He formed a second provinsional government which was supported by Crowfoot and Big bear. Louis Riel eventually was captured and charged of treason. -
The end of Louis Riel
After being captured, Louis was put on trial. The jury and judge was made completely of white people. No Metis were allowed to go into the courtroom. His lawyer wanted him to plead insanity but Louis wouldn't do it. Louis would either be hung or put in jail. Queen Victoria didn't want Louis to be killed because it would start a big commotion with the French. However, Macdonald wanted Louis to be killed because it would set the example to Canada that no one should be against the government. -
The end of Louis Riel cont.
Louis Riel died by hanging in a public spectacle. Sir John A. Macdonald had made the final decison instead of Queen Victoria because of the Constitutional Act 1867.That constitution stated that Canada could make its own decisions without approval from the British.Like the Queen predicted, there was uproar. The legislature building was burned and many settlers were killed. British troops were sent in (using the CPR) to stop the uproar in the West. During this, Crowfoot and Big Bear were killed. -
Lady Aberdeen
She founded the National Council of women in Canada in 1893. -
Women's institute
Adelaide Hoodless founded the women's institute. -
Yukon becomes territory
Yukon was formed in 1898 and it became the second territory. At the time, Yukon was experiencing a gold rush (Klondike gold rush) so thousands of people were entering the area to look for gold. The Canadian governement wanted control over those people so they made Yukon part of Canada. -
Alberta and Saskatchewan
In 1905, Saskatchewan and Alberta were created, becoming the eigth and ninth province. The federal governement had used this empty land to encourage settlement into the provinces of the prairie. It also kept control over natural resources and controlled the public land. -
Emily Murphy
She was the first female to be appointed as a magistrate. -
Manitoba
Manitoba was the first province to grant woment the right to vote. -
Federal voting rights
Women were granted the right to vote in federal elections. -
Agnes Macphail
She was the first women to be elected into Federal Parliament. -
Nellie McClung
She was the first women elected to the Manitoba legislature. -
The person's case
In 1929, the legal definition of the word "person" was changed to include women.
