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The Colonial Period
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Jamestown
In 1607, 104 English men and boys arrived in North America to start a settlement. Colonial schools were formed and laid the foundation. Formal education was reserved for wealthy white males, and ignored females, people of color, and those less wealty. -
Old Deluder Satan Act
The law was designed to produce citizens who understood the Bible and could thwart Satan's tickery, and it required every town of 50 or more households to hire a teacher of reading and writing. It gave birth to the idea that public education could contribute to the greater good of our country. -
European Influences
John Amos Connenius 1592-1670; Czech who emphaized the importance of basing teaching on children's interests and needs. John Locke 1632-1704/ English; who emphasized the importance of firsthand experiences in helping children learn about the world. Jean-Jacques Rouseau; 1712-1778; Swiss; who argued that teachers would provide children with opportunities for exploration and experimentation. Johann Pestalozzi 1746-1827; who recommended that teacher use concrete experiences to help childen learn. -
Differences in Colonies
The Southern Colonies: Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland; No public schools; schools were offered to the wealthy.
The Middle Colonies; Delaware, New Jersey , Pennsylvania, New York; Parochial schoools that included the study of religion in addition to th three as the study of the Lutherean religion in German schools, were an integral part of the curriculum.
New England Colonies; NH, MA, RI, CN; Common Schools, culturally and religiously homogeneous. -
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The Early National Perod
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Land Ordiance
This was designed to raise money by selling land in he territories west of the original colonies acquired from Britain at the end of the Revolutionary War. The ordiance divided land into townsips consisting of 36 one-square-mile sections, with the income from one section reserved for support of public education. -
First Amendment
The Constitution removes formal religion from the schools and establishes state respnsibility in edcation. First Amendment; the principle widely known as separationof church and state. -
Tenth Amendment
It implicitly removed the federal government from a central role in running and operating schools, and it passed this responsibility on to the individual states. Standards, accountability, and the highstakes test, are common today. -
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The Common School Movement
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Credentials
Teaching young students was not perceived as an end goal for educated people. Adults became teachers without any particular skill except sometimes in the topic they were teaching. The checking of credentials was left to the local school board, who were mainly interested in the efficient use of limited taxes. This started to change with the introduction of two-year normal schools starting in 1823. -
Nomal Schools
The first public normal school in the United States was founded in Concord, Vermont, by Samuel Read Hall in 1823, which was dedicated to training teachers. In 1839, another Normal School was established in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. -
Horace Mann
Under Mann's influence, MA became the leader of education in the US. It doubled state appropriations for education, built 50 new secondary schools, increased teacher salaries by 50% and passed the nation's first compulsory school atendance law. -
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1865 to Present
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New Jersey
by 1865, 50% of American children were enrolled in public schools and 28 of 35 states had established state boards of education,
New Jersey was the last state to do so, eliminated the requirement that parents pay for their children's elementary education in 1871. -
The Committee of Ten
The National Education Association appointed a group called The Committee of Ten to examine the high school curriculum and make recommendations about standards, programs, and methods. -
Junior High Schools
The first junior high, for grades 7, 8, and 9, opened in Columbus, Ohio. The concept spread quickly and by 1926, junior highs had been set up in 800 schools systems. -
Technology
Overhead projectors used to present information to classes until recent years, when they were replaced by smart boards an other more flexible tech tools.
