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G. Stanley Hall and John Dewey: Education as Human Development
Psychologist, G.Stanley Hall, led the child study movement. He felt student's actual nature, needs, and development were vital to learning. His work shifted the focus on teaching from subject to the student, and he shifted the burden of proof in the educational situation. John Dewey, a psychologist, advanced pedagogy, shifting the focus of education back to content and social context. Dewey identified 3 factors, learners interests,knowledge presentation,and democratic values,as being essential! -
National reports and Frederick Taylor’s scientific management theory influenced the organization and curriculum of public high schools
In 1893, the committee of 10 set a standard of high school curriculum of core classes for all students. In 1895, the committee of 15 endorsed subject centered courses to correlate with the arts for elementary education. The 1918 Cardinal report called for expanded and differentiated high school programs. Frederick Taylor's scientific management theory was adapted to organize schools and accommodate the large numbers of immigrant children for the least cost while standardizing school. Still seen. -
Booker T. Washington, W. E. B DuBois, and legal and legislative actions advanced education for African American and other underserved students
W.E.B. DuBois (1868-1963) pushed for African Americans' civil and political rights, advocating for access to liberal education for African Americans. His goal was to abolish discrimination and to guide African Americans to a higher civilization through education. In 1954, Brown v. Board of Education ruled that segregation on the basis of race in schools was unequal and unconstitutional. This is the start of equal education for all students. -
Free and appropriate education to students with disabilities
PL 94-142 specified children with disabilities were entitled to basic education rights. This law ensured that they had specific requirements and services available. These included a free and appropriate public education, a IEP, Special Ed services, LRE, due process procedures and related services. This became the IDEA in 1990. Disabled children were usually not educated before this so these laws are significant to enrich all children's lives. -
No Child Left Behind, Race to the Top, and Common Core Standards
The No Child Left Behind act became law in 2002, tying allocation of federal monies to public school accountability for raising academic achievement. Race to the Top policy directed federal funds into education, attempting to narrow the achievement gap, increase graduation rates and college attendance.. The common core standards provide a clear and consistent framework of expectations for learning and expectations across the nation. These acts were an attempt to equalize education everywhere.
