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Feb 7, 1286
Roger Bacon
Used convex lenseas a magnifying glass -
May 10, 1485
Leonardo de Vinci
used glass lenses to study small objects -
Hans and Zacharias Jannssen- spectical makers
constucted the first compound microscope using 2 lenses inside a tube -
Robert Hooke
He further developed the compound mircroscope, including the use of theh iris diaphragm. Hooke kept detailed records of his observations. he first described cells (plant cells) in his description of a slice of corkk he observed under the miscroscope. he described it as "all perforated and porous, much like a honecomb... the pores or cells... consisted of mny little boxes. " -
Marcello Malpighi
stated that all plants are built of chambers -
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
described unicellular organisms from his observations of a drop of stagnant rainwater as 'animalcules'. -
Leeuwenhoek
discovered bacteria from his observations of saliva -
Rene Dutrochet
stated that all animals and plants are made up of cells -
Robert Brown
noted that cells o orchaods he was observing under the microscope contained a structure inside the cell. he called this the 'nucleus'. -
Mattias Schledenand Theodor Schwann
formulated the cell theory that all living matter is composed of small units called cells. -
Rudolf Virchow
stated that 'where cells existthere must have been a pre-existing cell, just as the animal arises only from an animal and the plant only from a plant.' -
Walther Flemming
described cell division (mitosis) from observations on living and stined cells. -
Period: to
X-ray crystallography
used hard x-rays to produce diffraction images pf crystallised biological molecules. -
Ernest Ruska
build the first electron microscope. details of internal cell structure were revealed. transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes were developed in following decades. -
James Watson and Francis Crick
an image of cystalline DNA allowed Watsona nd Crick to reveal the structure of DNA -
marvin Minsky
developed the first confocal microscope, these laser based scanning microscope can produce three dimensional images of cells ad cell structures. -
Winfried Denk
two-photon flouroescence microscope was developed. allow tissues to be views withough damaging them. -
Period: to
International Linear Collider to be constructed
largest most powerful synchroton every built.
and mini synchotron are beingdeveloped to fit on bench tops
