historia

PALEOLITHIC

250,000 BCE

There are 3 steps: Lower Paleolithic / Medium Paleolithic / Superior Paleolithic. Their economy was predatory, the evolution technological and they had cave paintings.

MESOLITHIC

9000 BCE

It started when the last glaciation ended and the climate change in one charmer and dried. There were a growth in the population, so this ended with the hunting and people changed the predatory economy to a productive economy.

NEOLITHIC

5000 BCE

It has 2 steps due to the ceramic: Ancient Neolithic / Full Neolithic. There were the levantine art. They contrasted with the naturalism,

CALCOLITHIC AND BRONZE AGE

3000 BCE

They needed copper. The bury were changing to individual or dual buries. There were the megalithic architecture and the companiform glass.

IRON AGE

800 BCE

This period of time makes start to the roman conquest of the peninsula. When the habitats started to use the iron

TARTESSOS KINGDOM

700 BCE

First estate in the peninsula that we have notice. The king Argantonio reigned between the VII and the VI BC. They had wealth in agriculture, cattle raising and mining.

INDO-EUROPEAN POEPLES SURGE

650 BCE

They moved to the south of the peninsula. They entered of the Pirineos . They knew the metalurgy

PHOENICIANS, GREEKS AND CARTHAGINIANS

650 BCE

Phoenicians entered in the peninsula because of its riches in gold, silver y copper. Greeks arrived later. Both of them funded colonies to commerce. When the Phoenicians fell, the Carthaginians takes place in their colonies.

THE ROMAN CONQUEST OF IBERIAN PENINSULA

218 BCE

Due to the war with Carthage, Rome occupies the Carthaginian area of ​​the Iberian Peninsula, which will continue until it is fully occupied.

HISPANIA DURING THE HIGH EMPIRE

27 BCE

Rome established two types of provinces in Hispania, senatorial and imperial. The economy was based on agriculture, livestock, mining, crafts and commerce.

THE CRISIS OF THE THIRD CENTURY AND THE LOWER EMPIRE

235

In the 3rd century Rome suffered a political and military crisis that influenced Hispania. Insecurity increased and trade decreased. The population moved from the cities to the countryside.

DIFFUSION OF CHRISTIANITY

380

Christianity was legalized in 313 and in 380 it was established as the official religion in the Roman Empire.

ORIGINS OF THE VISIGODE KINGDOM IN HISPANIA

415

In 409 the Swabians, Alans and Vandals invaded the peninsula. In 410 the Visigoths sacked Rome. Rome told the Visigoths that if they expelled the invaders from Hispania, they could stay on the peninsula. That happened in 415.

CONSOLIDATION OF THE VISIGODE MONARCHY

Jan 1, 654

The Visigoths became the first independent state that made up the entire Iberian Peninsula. In 589 Recaredo converted to Catholicism, achieving religious union. The legislative union came in 654.

THE BEGINNING OF THE CONQUEST OF AL-ANDALUS

Jan 1, 711

The crisis of the Visigothic monarchy due to the election of the king, favored that the Muslims invaded the Iberian Peninsula almost in its entirety. It all started in 711 with the defeat of D. Rodrigo.

INDEPENDENT EMIRATE OF BAGHDAD

Jan 1, 756

After stopping the Arab expansion towards Europe in the Battle of Covadonga (722), internal struggles in Damascus made Abderramán-I conquer Córdoba in 756.

CALIFATO DE CÓRDOBA AND KINGDOMS OF TAIFAS

Jan 1, 1002

Almanzor takes military power under the caliphate of Hisham-II. In 1002, Almanzor destroyed Santiago de Compostela. In 1031, Al-Andalus goes into crisis by separating into 20 independent kingdoms called Taifas.

THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS IN THE UPPER AND LOWER MIDDLE AGES

Jan 1, 1035

The Astur kingdom resisted the push of the Muslims. As it expanded, it was renamed the Astur-Leonés kingdom. A county of León, Castilla, gave rise to the Kingdom of Castilla. The kingdom of Navarre was between the Muslims and the Franks, who when expanding created Aragon. The Catalan counties were also between the Muslims and the Franks.

Dynastic Union

Jan 4, 1476

The Catholic Kings joined both kingdoms and they settled up their power in the Madrigal Cortes and distributed the chores.

THE KINGDOM OF GRANADA

Jan 1, 1492

The last Muslim kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula was Granada, created in 1238. It managed to resist the push of the Kingdom of Castile until its fall in 1492.

THE EXPANSION OF THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS

Jan 1, 1492

Castilla y León expanded southwards, conquering a large part of the peninsula, until Castilla finished the reconquest in 1492. The kingdom of Aragon, after conquering the Levant, decided to expand into the Mediterranean.

Granada Conquest

Feb 1, 1492

Boabdil gave the Granada’s keys to the Catholic Kings because they win the fight

The Discovery of America

Dec 10, 1492

Christopher Colombus and his crew wanted to arrive to India but they finally ended up discovering America. He made 4 trips where he conquered different lands.

Canarias integration

Jan 4, 1496

The catholic kings started to conquest the Canary Islands in the 1478 and they finally conquest it in the 1496 due to dealings and capitulations

Italy

Apr 3, 1501

This conquest was fighted between Spain and France and they made the Barcelona trade in 1493 but this was unfulfilled by France. But later, they firmed the Granada trade in 1500.

North africa

Mar 5, 1510

The conquer started in 1497 when the occupied Melilla and it ended when the occupied Oran Argel Tunez Tripoli.

Navarra Kingdom

Jan 7, 1512

The Catholic Kings wanted to enter into the Kingdom of Navarra, but in there, they didn’t want them to enter. A fight was started and it ended with the surrender of Pamplona.