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Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) founded
-Civil rights: Rights that protect an individual's freedoms
-Founded in Chicago by a group of students, committing to non-violence for direct change
-Was a key in the desegregation in the north and later turned its attention to the south in the late 1950's -
Jackie Robinson Hired to the Brooklyn Dodgers
-Color line: Colored people denied the same rights, opportunities, and facilities as white people
-Branch Rickey the manager who hired Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier when he hired him onto the Brooklyn Dodgers
-Fans taunted him and his teammates didn't like playing with him some of the other players even tried to hit him with a ball -
Executive Order 9981
-Segregation: Setting other people apart from other people
-This order stated that the armed forces couldn't segregate against colored people
-Truman signed this order because he believed that the discrimination in the armed forces needed to end -
Advocates for Black Nationalism
-Nation of Islam: A religious group, also known as the Black Muslims, that promoted complete separation from white society
-Malcolm X: A former convict that used his time behind bars to teach the teachings of Elijah Muhammed
- After leaving prison he became the most well-known speaker for the Nation of Islam -
Brown Vs. The board of Education
-Thurgood Marshall: Supreme court associate serving from 1967-1999
-This case was a set of cases from Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, Delaware, and Washington, D.C
-They combined these cases because they all moved through at the same time and they all required the same legal remedy -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
-Boycott: Withdraw from commercial or social relations as a punishment
-Rosa Parks: A black rider that refused to give up her spot to a white passenger that wanted it
-A young minister organized a bus boycott on Dec. 5 and 90% of the African-Americans didn't ride the bus that day -
Integration of High School
-Little Rock Nine: The 9 African-American students that went to central high school
-The nine black students were surrounded and the national guard was called in to show force
-The principal did not want these students here at the school and when the 9 went to school they were surrounded by a mob -
First Lunch Counter Sit-In
-Jim Crow Laws: Local laws enforcing racial discrimination
-Sit-ins: One or more people occupying a space in protest
-4 African-American college students decided that they wanted to eat at Woolworths in Greensboro and they weren't served so they just kept going. -
Freedom Rides
-Civil Disobedience: Disobeying a law the protestor believes is unjust
-SNCC: Student Nonviolence Coordinating Committee
- 13 people boarded a bus to try to change the interstate bus system with the philosophy that they can't use violence even when they face violence -
Freedom Rides
-Civil Disobedience: Peaceful Protest against something the protester disagrees with
-CORE was involved with organizing these freedom rides
-CORE ended up abandoning the Freedom rides but SNCC continued them
-Some freedom riders were beaten for their cause -
Birmingham Campaign: Letter from a Birmingham Jail
-SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Organization is an African American civil rights organization
-King argued that there are two types of law just and unjust
-Many of the Africans were arrested for protesting without a protest -
March on Washington
-NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
-Phillip Randolph rallied for this march but canceled, instead he waited until the time was right in 1963
-This was the largest political gathering in history as more than 250,000 marched on Washington -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
-Plessy Vs. Fergurson:
-This act banned discrimination based on race, sex, religion, or national origin
-The president really pressed to get this act signed in but after it stalled in the senate it was finally passed July 2, 1964 -
Voting rights act of 1965
-disenfranchise: Not allowing people to vote
-Congress passed the Voting Act of 1965
-African-Americans got the right to vote because of this Act -
Watts Riot
-Kerner Commission: A commission on civil orders named after it's chairman
-Ghettos: A place in the city where a certain ethnic group live
-This riot lasted 6 days and they didn't stop until the national guard was dispatched after the caused 45 million in property damage -
Black Panther Party Founded
-Black power: Movement supporting the rights and political power of African Americans
-Bobby Seale and Huey Newton founded the black panther party in 1966 with the ideal of not giving up
-The party developed a ten-point platform setting out the goals they set to succeed -
Civil Rights act 1968
-Discrimination: Unjust treatment of different categories of people
-After King was assassinated the government finally did something adding that rent can't be based on discrimination
-Also giving the right for the government to file lawsuits against those who broke this law -
Swann vs Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
-Desegregation: Ending the policy of racial segregation
-The supreme court ruled that the housing was constitutional but the school district was still delaying integration
-The court ruled that they had to bus the students together to have the students integrate -
Regents of the University of California V. Bakke
-Affirmative Action: Calls for employees to seek more minorities in the workplace
-LBJ wanted to level the field for hiring of minorities in workplaces
-The justices signed that race could not be a criteria for the Univesity
