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Israel falls to the Assyrians in 721 BCE; Judah falls to the Babylonians in 597 BCE.
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Assyrians, under Shalmaneser, and then under Sargon, conquer Israel and destroy Samaria. Jews are exiled.
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Nabopolassar of Babylonia destroys Assyria.
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Nebuchadnezzar II seizes Jerusalem. The Temple is destroyed.
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Babylonia conquers Judah. Exile to Babylon.
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The Persian Empire rules Israel, for a short period of time
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The Babylonian Empire falls to Persia which is ruled by Cyrus.
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Cyrus allows Jews from Babylon back into Jerusalem.
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The Second Temple is beginning to get build and is in that process.
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The Second Temple is built.
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The Persian Empire stops ruling
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Pompey makes the region of Judah/Israel a client kingdom of Rome.
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The Roman Period is roughly divided into an early, middle, and late period:
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Augustus makes it a Roman province (Judaea).
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Romans occupy Jerusalem. Titus destroys the Second Temple.
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Masada suicide.
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Emperor Hadrian renames Jerusalem "Aelia Capitolina" and forbids Jews there, installs new harsh rule against Jews
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Bar Kochba revolt against Hadrian. Judaea becomes the province of Syria-Palestine.
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Judaea is not the province of Syria-Palestine anymore.
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Emperor Caracalla allows free Jews to become Roman citizens
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Babylonian Jewish Academy founded at Sura
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Rise of Manichaean world religion begins
