Hannah Moody: APUSH Period 7 Part 3

Prohibition Movement (Prohibition)

1840

Sought to ban manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcohol.

Theodore Dreiser (1920’s Literature)

1871

He wrote an American Tragedy.

Ohio Gang (1920’s Politics)

1886

A group of poker-playing, men that were friends of President Warren Harding.

Zora Neale Hurston (1920’s African American Identity)

1891

African American writer and folklore scholar who played a key role in the Harlem Renaissance.

F. Scott Fitzgerald (1920’s Literature)

1896

American author best known writing "The Great Gatsby."

Louis Armstrong (1920’s African American Identity)

1901

Leading African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance; he was a talented trumpeter whose style influenced many later musicians.

Langston Hughes (1920’s African American Identity)

1902

Poet of Harlem Renaissance who wrote of struggles of African-Americans and discrimination/segregation as well as of pride in black identity; social activist who advocated black rights

Henry Ford (1920’s Culture)

1908

Developed Model T car that was affordable and reasonably reliable.

Progressive Party (1920’s Politics)

1912

Also known as the "Bull Moose Party", this political party was formed by Theodore Roosevelt in an attempt to advance progressive ideas and unseat President William Howard Taft in the election of 1912.

United Negro Improvement Association (1920’s African American Identity)

1914

Founded by Marcus Garvey to promote resettlement of American blacks in African homeland; sponsored stores and business to make money, but many efforts failed financially; helped to inspire blacks to gain self-confidence and self-reliance

Volstead Act (National Prohibition Act of 1919) (1920’s Culture)

1919

Act that gave Congress power to actually enforce prohibition, legalized in the 18th amendment, but poorly executed due to bribery and lack of control over personal lives, plus weak power of understaffed agencies.

Speakeasies (1920’s Culture)

1919

Secret bars that replaced saloons after prohibition of alcohol in 1919, popular in cities.

Fundamentalism (Religion)

1919

Wanted to strictly follow the Bible, so wanted to make it illegal to teach or discuss Darwin's theories.

Normalcy (1920’s Politics)

1920

Coined by Warren G. Harding in an address before the Home Market Club on May 14,1920 in Boston, this term came to symbolize, to powerful businessmen, the immediate abandonment of the foreign and domestic policies of Wilson.

Warren G. Harding (1920’s Politics)

1920

Republican; campaign slogan was "A Return to Normalcy," appointed group known as the "Ohio gang" (his longtime allies/contributors) to important positions in DC, where they caused much corruption (Teapot Dome Scandal), established the Veteran's Bureau and the Bureau of the Budget (now called the Office of Management and Budget).

Trickle-down Economics (1920’s Economy)

1920

Economic theory that holds that money lent to banks and businesses will trickle down to consumers.

Ernest Hemingway (1920’s Literature)

1920

Popularized the term "Lost Generation."

Rumrunners (Prohibition)

1920

Smugglers of alcohol illegally to circumvent prohibition

Roaring Twenties (1920’s Economy)

1920

People rejected aspects of traditional culture and embraced something new.

Teapot Dome Scandal (1920’s Politics)

1921

A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921.

Emergency Quota Act 1921 (Immigration)

1921

Established limited number of immigrants at 3% of people of same nationality living in US in 1910.

Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1920’s Economy)

1922

This tariff rose the rates on imported goods in the hopes that domestic manufacturing would prosper.

Immigration Act 1924 (Immigration)

1924

Set immigration quotas of 2 percent of the number of foreign-born persons from a given nation, based on the Census of 1890; drastically cut immigration from south and east Europe, as well as Asia

An American Tragedy (1920’s Literature)

1925

An American Tragedy is a novel by the American writer Theodore Dreiser.

The Great Gatsby (1920’s Literature)

1925

The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional towns of West Egg and East Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922.

Harlem Renaissance (1920’s African American Identity)

1925

Harlem was largest African-American community in America, located in NYC; close community led to development of cultural center for actors, writers, poets, artists, musicians; promoted sense of unity and belonging among African-American community, helping to acclimate; included Langston Hughes, Louis Armstrong.

John T. Scopes (Religion)

1925

Arrested for teaching Darwin's theory, which led to a trial that featured Clarence Darrow & William Jennings Bryan.

Charles Lindbergh (1920’s Culture)

1927

First man to fly across Atlantic, from New York to Paris, for a prize of $25k, in 1927; warmly celebrated and regarded as hero; helped to popularize flying, giving boost to aviation industry.

The Great Crash of 1929 (1920’s Economy)

1929

The name for the period lasting from October 29th to November 13th in 1929 during which the stock market dropped violently, losing much of its value and contributing to the start of the Great Depression, was the impetus for a great number of reforms and regulations related to securities trading.

Black Tuesday (Stock Market Crash)

1929

A consumer panic in the stock market on October 29, 1929 that is said to allegedly be the main cause of the Great Depression. This crash continued past the 29th well into November, when the DJIA fell from 381 to 198.7.

The Great Depression (Stock Market Crash)

1929

the economic crisis and period of low business activity in the u.s. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s.

Agricultural Marketing Act (New Deal Programs)

1929

Established the first major government program to help farmers maintain crop prices with a federally sponsored Farm Board that would make loans to national marking cooperatives or set up corporations to buy surpluses and raise prices.

Herbert Hoover (Herbert Hoover’s Policies)

1929

31st President of the United States president in 1929 when the stock market crashed and the economy collapsed.

Voluntarism (Herbert Hoover’s Policies)

1929

At first Hoover hoped to persuade businessmen and state government to continue like there was no depression.

Smoot-Hawley Tariff (1920’s Economy)

1930

U.S. legislation that raised import duties by as much as 50%, adding considerable strain to the worldwide economic climate of the Great Depression.

Model T (1920’s Culture)

1930

Rugged, cheap, relatively reliable car that was popular but also joked about; very popular, with 20 million sold by 1930; America had highest number of cars per capita than any other country by 1929 (1 car for every 4.9 Americans), creating job market and shift in American society.

Dust Bowl (Dust Bowl)

1930

Parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas that were hit hard by dry topsoil and high winds that created blinding dust storms.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff (New Deal Programs)

1930

Congressional compromise serving special interest, it raised duties on agricultural and manufactured imports.

Scottsboro Boys (New Deal Programs)

1931

Nine young black men between the ages of 13 to 19 were accused of of raping two white women by the names of Victoria Price and Ruby Bates.

Bonus Army (New Deal Programs)

1932

Facing the financial crisis of the Depression, WW I veterans tried to pressure Congress to pay them their retirement bonuses early.

Agricultural Adjustment Administration [AAA] (New Deal Programs)

1933

Helped farmers meet mortgages but was unconstitutional because the government was paying the farmers to waste 1/3 of there products.

National Industrial Recovery Act (New Deal Programs)

1933

Permitted all workers to join unions of their choice, allowed workers to bargain collectively for wage increases and benefits, allowed workers to go on strike to try to force employers to meet their demands.

Emergency Banking Relief Act (New Deal Programs)

1933

FDR gave the President power over the banking system and set up a system by which banks would be reorganized or reopened.,

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation [FDIC] (New Deal Programs)

1933

A United States government corporation created by the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 that provides deposit insurance, which guarantees the safety of deposits in member banks, currently up to $250,000 per depositor per bank.

New Deal (New Deal Programs)

1933

President Franklin Roosevelt's precursor of the modern welfare state; his programs were meant to combat economic depression and it enacted a number of social insurance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy.

Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) (New Deal Programs)

1933

One of the most comprehensive New Deal laws, a May 1933 law that gave $500 million to state and local treasuries that had run out of money.

"rugged individualism" (New Deal Programs)

1933

The belief that all individuals, or nearly all individuals, can succeed on their own and that government help for people should be minimal. Popularly said by Herbert Hoover.

Public Works Administration [PWA] (New Deal Programs)

1935

Created for both industrial recovery and for unemployment relief and headed by the Secretary of Interior Harold L. Ickes, it aimed at long-range recovery and spent $4 billion on thousands of projects that included public buildings, highways, and parkways.

The Grapes of Wrath (Dust Bowl)

1939

The story follows the fortunes of a poor family as they travel from the Dust Bowl region to California. based on the great depression written by John Steinbeck.

John Steinbeck (New Deal Programs)

1939

20th century American novelist whose stories often centered around the plight of the worker.