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Monroe Doctrine (Mexico)
A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere. -
Purchase of Alaska
The U.S. bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million. -
Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan
Wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History, which argued that control of the sea was the key to world dominance;it stimulated the naval race among the great powers. -
Hawaii Overthrow
American settler in Hawaii helped to overthrow Queen Liliuokalani. -
Yellow Journalism (Spanish-American War)
A type of writing that would focus on sensationalism. Used to tell stories which was not always accurate about the Spanish, helped for the support of Spanish American War. -
Annexation of Hawaii
President McKinley annexed Hawaii once the Spanish American War started -
Battle of Manila Bay (Spanish-American War)
The first major battle of the Spanish-American war, American fleet shot Spanish ships in Manila Bay, Spanish lost this battle. -
Declaration of War (Spanish-American War)
The U.S. Congress declares war on Spain. -
Battle of San Juan Heights (Spanish-American War)
U.S. forces defeat the Spanish at the Battle of San Juan Heights. -
Cuban Spanish Fleet (Spanish-American War)
U.S. forces destroy the Spanish Fleet off Santiago Bay, Cuba. -
Spanish Surrender (Spanish-American War)
The Spanish surrender at Santiago. -
Protocol of Peace (Spanish-American War)
The U.S. and Spain sign the Protocol of Peace, ending hostilities between the two. -
Treaty of Paris (Spanish-American War)
The Treaty of Paris is signed by representatives from the U.S. and Spain. After extensive debate, the treaty is ratified by the U.S. senate on February 6, 1899. Under the treaty, the U.S. acquires control over Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. -
Emilio Aguinaldo (Philippine-American War)
Leader of the Filipino Rebellions who fought for independence from Spain helping at Manila, but later fought the US in the Philippine-American War -
Open Door Policy (China)
By the end of the nineteenth century, outside powers had carved China into spheres of influence, threatening to reduce or even eliminate American economic interests there. Secretary of State John Hay urged an "Open Door" policy in China that preserved for China some semblance of national authority over its territory and trade. The "Open Door" policy would allow the United States access to commercial opportunities equal to the other foreign powers. -
Guerilla Warfare in Philippines (Philippine-American War)
Demanding independence, Filipino insurgents led by Emilio Aguinaldo fought a guerrilla war against American takeover of the islands because America did not recognize indpendence. Proving much more difficult and costly than the war against Spain, the Philippine-American War (1899-1902) convinced American leaders of the need to prepare the island archipelago for eventual self-government. -
Boxer Rebellion (China)
Locatid in China which tested the Open Door Policy which could have led Europe and Japan retaliation against China -
Big Stick Diplomacy
The policy held by Teddy Roosevelt in foreign affairs. The "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them. -
Panama Revolution (Big Stick Diplomacy)
Bunau-Varilla on behalf of U.S. helped organized this country rebellion against Columbia to gain independence, as well as U.S. compensation for use of their land for the canal., The Isthmus of Panama had been part of Columbia. U.S. tried to negotiate with Columbia to build the Panama Canal. Columbia refused, so U.S. encouraged Panama to revolt. Example of Big Stick diplomacy. -
Theodore Roosevelt (Panama Canal)
26th President of the United States, 26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War -
Great White Fleet (Japan)
Roosevelt was concerned about Japan's territorial expansion in Asia had Congress upgrade America's navy sent the fleet on a good will cruise to demonstrate American naval power -
Dollar Diplomacy
Term used to describe the efforts of the US to further its foreign policy through use of economic power by guaranteeing loans to foreign countries -
Panama Canal
The United States built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400,000,000 to build. Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal. -
John Perishing (Mexico)
President Wilson sent this man with his army to Mexico to Pancho Villa (never captured Villa) -
Central Powers (World War I)
A group of allied countries during WWI, including Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire/Turkey. They eventually lost the war in 1918. -
Allied Powers (World War I)
A group of allied countries during WWI, including England, France, and Russia. Italy also joined the war later on their side. -
Propaganda (World War I)
Caused the Americans to want to support the war effort and favor the British and French over the Germans. Further swaying the public opinion to the Allied powers' side was Britain's influence on the American press, spreading stories about Germans committing atrocities in Belgium. Later, the United States would create the Committee of Public Information whose goal it was cause the public to unite and support the war. -
Lusitania (World War I)
128 Americans died in the crisis, along with the majority of other passengers on the ship. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan resigned, as he objected to the message being too warlike. Germany did not agree to end the submarine attacks, and justified the attack by saying that the Lusitania was carrying weapons, which was accurate. -
Submarine Warfare (World War I)
A new type of naval attack Germany utilized in WWI to maintain a naval blockade of the British Isles. The advantage of this type of warefare was that the ships could attack without warning. Using this method, the Germans sunk merchant ships with Americans on them, including the Lusitania, the Arabic, and the Sussex. This greatly angered Americans and was a major factor in the cause of American involvement in WWI. -
Sedition Act of 1918
Prohibited anyone from making "disloyal" or "abusive" remarks about the U.S government. About 2,000 people were prosecuted under this law and the Espionage Act of 1917, and 1,000 of those were convicted and jailed. People questioned the constitutionality of these laws, but they were upheld in the 1919 Supreme Court Case Schenck v. United States. -
Red Scare Spark (Red Scare)
Labor strikes agitated by socialists and racial unrest -
League of Nations (World War I)
The prized part of Wilson's original Fourteen Points that was "a general association of nations...for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike".. This controversy was raised by isolationists like Henry Cabot Lodge, who thought it would lead the U.S into unwanted international affairs and obligations. -
Hawaii, the 50th State
Hawaii became the 50th state of the United States
