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Jan 1, 1200
Marco Polo
(Not a specific date) - Late 1200s.
Marco Polo traveled throughout Asia with his father and traders. The trip lasted for 17 years. -
Jan 1, 1217
Marco Polo's Trip.
(Not specific date)
Marco Polo's trip in Asia ends. In which, he created and published a book called the Marvels of the World. His trip and book inspired others to go explore the wonders of Asia. -
Jan 1, 1400
Europe in the 1400s
(No specific date, just in the 1400s)
Time of great change in Europe. Europeans rediscovered writings of Ancient Greece and Rome. Everyone started thinking differently (The Renaissance of "Rebirth") -
Jan 1, 1400
Christopher Columbus
(Not specific date, just talked about) Columbus was one of the indiviudals inspired by Marco Polo and his book. He tried to find the quickest way to get to the Indies. He convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to sponsor a voyage. -
Jan 1, 1400
Late 1400s (Europeans)
Europeans explorers in West Africa were trading guns and other goods for slaves. -
Jan 1, 1450
Johannes Gutenburg, etc.
Johannes Gutenburg invented the printing press. Marco Polo's book became more available. All together, this made people eager and want to learn how to read. Europeans started learned about the "outside world" (beyond Europe) and they wanted to search more of the land. -
Jan 1, 1450
Triangle Trade (1)
(1450s - 1870, lasted for 4 centries) Peaks in 1775, decreased in the 1800s. Europeans needed a workforce. Europeans needed money and land to be more powerful. The turned to Africans, because other attempts of slaves failed. 11, 600, 000 Africans were transported on the Triangle Trade. -
Jan 1, 1450
Triangle Trade (2)
The nobility paid for the trip. It was very expenseful for transportation from Europe to the "New World". Slaves had to be slaves for 7 years. The trade didn't last because people stopped coming from Europe. 11.6m Africans left Africa as slaves. Approx. 34,000 voyages were made. Approx. 10m arrived in the New World. Approx. 2m died on the middle passage. -
Aug 3, 1492
Christopher Columbus sets sail.
He sailed with help of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. He set sail with three small ships named Santa Maria, Pinta, and the Nina. Christopher Columbus is important because hes the one who found the USA, going West, instead of the usual route. -
Oct 12, 1492
Columbus landed.
Christopher Columbus lands at a small island (San Salvador) in the Caribbean Sea. He claimed the land for Spain. He made 4 trips to the Carribbean. Each time, he found more and more islands, including the continents North and South America. He claimed each spot he found for Spain. He died believing he found Asia. -
Jan 1, 1500
Europeans - Carribean
(1500s) European slave traders began shipping slaves to the Carribean for sale. -
Jan 1, 1507
Americas comes in.
(No specific day or month) We first see the term America on maps in Europe. -
Apr 1, 1513
Mission to find the Fountain of Youth
(No specific day) Juan Ponce de Leo'n landed on a sunny peninsula of North America. He called it La Flordia "Flowery". -
Jan 1, 1519
Hernán Cortés
(No specific month and day) Hernán Cortés arrives in Mexico with horses and 500 soldiers.(We learned that Spain was the first people He was from spain. He heared about the powerful Aztecs who ruled much of Mexico. -
Jan 1, 1521
Juan Ponce de Leo'n returned.
(No specific day or month) He returned to the sunny peninsula with 200 men to establish a Spanish colony. -
Jan 1, 1521
Conquering Tenochtitlán
(No specific day or month) Cortés conquered Tenochtitlán with the help of Indians who hated their Aztec rulers and smallpox. -
Jan 1, 1532
Francisco Pizarro attack.
(No specific day or month) Francisco Pizarro is another conquistador. He led an attack on the powerful Inca empire in Peru, at this time. -
Jan 1, 1534
French Explorer, Jacques Cartier
(No specific month or day) France sends Jacques Cartier to explore the Atlantic Coast of North America. His goal was to find a Northwest Passage, an all water shortcut for ships sailing from the Northwest to Asia. Cartier never finds this passage, however he claims the land for France (present day Canada). He names it New France. He finds beaver fur there, which is almost as valuable as Spanish gold. -
Jan 1, 1565
Pedro Menendez de Aviles comes to the rescue
(No specific day or month) Pedro Menendez de Aviles was sent to "Florida" to protect it from outsiders (French and English). He built a fort named Saint Augustine, which is the oldest permanent setlement founded by Europeans in the United States. -
2nd Group in Roanoke
(No specific day or month) Raleigh sends a 2nd group back to Roanoke. The group went through dangerous paths. John White is a second leader here. -
Juan de Onate
(No specific month or day) Juan de Onate led the settlement of New Mexico. He took 400 settlers and 7,000 animals from Mexico to New Mexico. This journey took over a year and a half. -
Pueblo Indians vs. Spanish
(No specific month or day) During the time of Juan de Onates's arrival, the Pueblo Indians welcomed the "New Comers", this changed quickly. The Spanish made all the Indians slaves and catholic priests ordered Pueblo religious leaders who continued their to be whipped. The Pueblo people rebelled against the Spanish and drove them out. -
Spanish Conquers All
(No specific date, just in the 1600s) The Spanish had claimed areas from Florida across present day Texas, Arizona, California and New Mexico. (They didn't have actual states yet) -
Europeans vs. Spain Rival
(1600s, no specific month or day) Shortly after the Spanish settle, the European nations began to show an interest in the New World. Spain sent soldiers to these regions to protect the claims. The soldiers would live in walled forts known as presidios. -
1600s& 1700s Spanish Settlement
(1600 - 1700s) Throughout the 1600 and 1700s, settlement in Spanish territories was slow. Religion and culture of Spain spread across much of the South West. -
The London Company (TLC)
(No specific month or day) A group of merchants made the London Company. -
Samuel de Champlain
(No specific month or day) Samuel de Champlain sails up the Saint Lawerence River and builds a trading post he calls Quebec. For the next 150 years, Quebec would be a base for French explorers, soldiers, missionaries, traders, and fur trappers. -
Captain John Smith
(No specific day or month) Captain John Smith became the leader of Jamestown. He had a very powerful quote that many there lived by. John Smith and Pocahontas were made a huge improvement in Jamestown. At this time, the Indians and the English in this area were trading. -
The Starving Time: Jamestown
(No specific day or month). During this time, people couldn't plant. John Smith was injured in a gunpowder explosion. He went back to England because of the injury. Because of this, the upper class stopped working. The winter was so bad, it became known as "Starving Time". Without Smith and Pocahontas, Indians refused to trade with the English. By Spring, only 60 of the 500 people Smith left in the fall remained alive (12%). -
H. Hudson discovers..
(No specific day or month) Hudson discovered a deep river and thought the river might take him all the way across the continent. It didn't but then he claimed the land along its banks for the Netherlands. This land became known as the Hudson River (in New York). The land he claimed became known as New Netherlands. -
Dutch Merchants
(No specific day or month). Dutch merchants from the Dutch West India Company started a colony in America. They settled along the upper Hudson where they built Fort Orange, near present day Albany. The new colonists started to trade fur (heavy profits). They made a trading posts along the Hudson River The largest was on Manhattan Island. -
The Dutch West India Company > Peter Minuit
(No specific day or month). The Dutch West India Company (TDWIC) sent Peter Minuit to New Netherlands as the colony's governor. -
Salem's Whereabouts
(No specific month or day) The Witch Trials were in Salem, Massachusetts, which settled in 1629. -
Peter Stuyvesant comes n..
(No specific day or month). The Dutch West India Company hired Peter Stuyvesant as the colony's new governor. \ -
Part of the Old Deluder Law
(No specific day or month) Massachusetts passed that it was required every town with 50 families or more to hire an instructor to teach to kids to read and write. Towns with 100 families or more needed a school. -
Dutch in 1660(s)
(No specific day or month). The Dutch colony (New Amsterdam) had nearly 8,000 people. This included people from multiple European nations and enslaved africans. The Dutch provided a refuge for Jews who were seeking freedom to follow their religion in peace. The English were the biggest issue for Stuyvesant. England wanted Dutch out of the New World. King Charles II (England leader) refused Dutch's claims to New Amsterdam. -
King Charles II > Duke of New York > Dutch
(No specific day or month). King Charles II gave his brother James (Duke of York) ownership of all Dutch land, if he could conquer them. His brother accepted the challenge. James sends 4 british war ships and 300 soldiers to take the colony down. The English sent Stuyvesant a letter demanding his surrender. New Amsterdam citizens begged Peter to give in to England's wantings. English took oveer New Amsterdam and renamed the colony New York, without fight. Stuyvesant wanted to fight. -
Father Marquette & Louis Joliet
(No specific month or day) These two French individuals explored the Mississippi River. They both hoped it would be the Northwest Passage. They realized that instead of heading West, it flowed South towards the Gulf of Mexico. Disappointed, they returned back to New France. -
Robert de Salle's Claims
Robert de Salle planted flag at the mouth of the Mississippi River. He claimed everything west of the Mississippi River for France. -
Salem Witch Girls
(No specific day) Three girls were labeled witches; 9 year old Elizabeth Parris, 11 year old Abigail Williams and Ann Putnam, was also 11. They were named witches because they had fits that involved screaming and doctors blamed the supernatural for its cause. -
More Blamed Witches 1
Three others girls were labeled witches. Tituba (Parris' slave), Sarah Good (homeless beggar), and Sarah O. (poor and elderly). -
More Blamed Witches
The two women (Sarah O & Sarah Good) said that they were witches, except for Tituba. Another women gets charged for being a witch, named Martha Corey. Interrogation starts. -
Salem Government Decisions
Salem's Government starts a new (special) court of those who hear and decide to hear the witchcraft cases. -
1st Salem Witch Case
Bridget Bishop gets hung. She was the fist person to be hung. -
Execution
The last group of people (witchcraft) were executed. -
The First Awakening
(No specific day or month). During this time period (1730s), the First Awakening happened. It was a religious movement. It started because people in England were starting to lose their faith. To regroup people's religions, spirit preachers traveled from town to town holder outdoor "revival" meetings. -
13 British Colonies.
(No specific day or month) During this time, all 13 original British Colonies were made in the New World. They were grouped in 3 different regions, The English Colonies, the Middle Colonies and the Southern Colonies. The 13 Colonies were settled with permission from the king. -
Thomas Jefferson (N.O)
(No specific day or month).The Northwest Ordinance made an ordinance and sent it off to Thomas Jefferson. -
House of Representaties etc.
(No specific day or month).The male adult population of the territory reached 5,000 and the settlers were finally given the right to elect House of Representatives. -
U.S Congress..
(No specific day or month) The U.S congress passed an enabling bill that authorized the formation of the government in Ohio. -
Ohio, Congrats
Ohio is admitted into the union. -
President Grover Cleveland
(No exact day and month because of the mixed years) President Grover Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms from 1885 - 1889 and 1893 - 1897. -
#2 Why do we study Social Studies?
We also learned about what Social Studies (history) meant in general, which what we called CHANGES.
Civics (Government) - The study of rights & duties of citizens.
History (The story of US) - Events, Individuals, Facts & Dates.
A & N: Anthropology - The historical view on Human Culture and development.
Geography - The study of Earths' geographical features.
Economics - The financial aspect.
Sociology & Psychology - The study of a society.
(Psy:The study of the human mind.) -
Why do we study Social Studies?
We talked about what makes up Social Studies itself. It's more than just dates and facts. History is also what makes up our future. ... -
Sources
We also learned what kind of sources there were.
Primary source: From someone who lived in the event.
Secondary source: An individual or an obkect that is one or more steps removed from the event. (not a direct link) -
5Ws of History
Who - who's in the topic and the time period.
What - the sources.
Where - location.
When - time period.
Why & How - inquiry the investigation. -
5 Powerful Ideas of Social Studies (SS)
We learned another big part of Social Studies, and most common ideas that are within SS.
(Commonality and Diversity, Conflict and Cooperation..) -
Pangaea
We learned about how the continents moved, which took millions of years. -
5 Themes of Geography & Words
We learned themes of geography.
(Location, place, human environment interactions, movement, and regions). Also, we had vital vocab. This consisted of absolute location, latitude, longitude, etc.. -
Interesting Facts about the World
We learned a few facts about all 7 continents. -
The 50 States
We then started to learn about the 50 states. This consisted of individual facts about each state and they looked like. We guessed which state was which and explained, in depth, about each. This unit lasted for 4 days, or more, Mr. Hallowell ended the unit with a project presentation for each student about one state. -
Where did we come from?
In class, we talked about where us, humans, came from. We learned what Native Americans were and the definition of indigenous. We dug more into the history of the First Americans. -
First Americans 2, Mixed.
We continued on but then ended talk about the first Americans. We headed into the history of Ice Age(s). Throughout this time, we learn and discover new words (vocabs). -
Adapting to their New Environment
(They = Migrants) Migrants having to adapt to the environments of where they were and cultures started to emerge. -
European Exploration and Settlement
This when we discussed Marco Polo, his discoveries and his "published" book. Everyone was more interested in the East (Asia) because of this book. -
The Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange starts (which means trading partners between the New World and the Old World). People, plants, animals, and dieases were transferred. Europeans benefitted the most of this time. Natives Americans suffered since Europeans brought with them germs that caused smallpox, measles, influenza, and other dieases. In some areas, 90% of the Native population was wiped out by diease. -
Slavery Appears
Introduction of African slaves to the Americas. Slavery has existed around the world since ancient times (Rome, Greece, Egypt) -
The Atlantic Slave Trade
We learned that the Atlantic Slave Trade consisted of buying, selling, or exchanging within a country or between countries. Gold, brent oil, silver, sugar, corn, wheat, cotton and tobacco were in plantations. -
The Middle Passage
We learned that slaves died on this passage and it lasted for a month. The slaves would get 39 inches apart from each other. Their skin sometimes detriated, which caused death and heat. -
The Triangular Trade
(Oct 4 - 5) We learned that goods were traded back and forth from the New World and the Old World. The Triangular Trade consisted of Europe to Africa, Africa to New World, New World back to Europe. -
New World Locations
We learned that most Africans ended up in Brazil (38-40%), Spanish America, British Caribbean, and French Caribbean (17-20%), Dutch/Danish Caribbean (22%), British North America (8%, Approx. 800,000 slaves) All the percentages represent the slaves. -
Inca Empire
We learned that the Inca Empire was in South America: western coast. Pizarro captured the Inca ruler Atahuapla. -
Tenochititla'n
We learned that this capital was in Central America, on an island. After Hernán Cortés conquered them, they had a 80 day siege. 240,000 Aztecs diied from the siege. The Spanish lost 100 soldiers. The Spaniards pulled the city down and used its stones to build Mexio City, the capital of a new Spanish empire called New Spains. The Aztecs who survived were turned into slaves. -
Capturing Atahuapla
The Spanish (Pizarro) promised to release him in exchange for gold. The Incas filled 3 rooms with gold and silver treasure. Pizarro killed Atahualpa anyway and took over the leaderless Inca Empire. From here, the Spanish went to conquer most of South America. The conquistadors found gold and silver in the regions of central and South America they had conquered. They hoped for more treasures and pushed North into lands that are now part of the USA. -
Conquistadors
We learned about spanish conquistadors, in which Spain sent across the Atlantic. Conquistador is a spanish soldier-explorers, especially those who conqured the Native peoples of Mexio and Peru. They can also be known as the "Army of Spain". Their mission was to conquer territories to create a vast empire of riches for Spain. -
Flordia/Juan Ponce de Leo'n
We learned that one of the first Spanish expeditions into North America was led by Juan Ponce de Leo'n. He sailed with Columbus and made his fortune by discovering gold on the isalnd of Puerto Rico. Althought he had some treasure, he wanted more. He heard Indian rumours about a "fountain of youth" that made old people young again. He made it his mission to go find it. -
Missionaries and Religion
We learned that missionaries began known within the time in order to convert Native Americans to Christianity and increase Spanish control over the land. They would build settlements called missions, teaching local Indians new skills and the Christian Faith. The missionaries were also very self-sufficient. -
Natives were still here (Ponce de Leo'n)
Juan Ponce de Leo'n forgot that there were Natives still living there on the peninsula. The Natives weren't giving their land up without a fight. The Natives and the Spanish fought and Ponce de Leo'n died from a poisoned arrow in his stomach. -
The "Seven Cities (of Cibola)"
These cities were said to be so rich that the streets and houses were decorated with gold and jewels. The Spanish were convinced that these cities were in North America. This story inspired other Spanish people into exploring North America. -
New France Problems and Solutions
New France, just like Spanish territories, had a hard time convincing people to settle because of the harsh climate and it was too hard to grow crops. The perfect land was located along the St. Lawerence River. The Spainish had a policy of granting this land to French nobles (upper class) who then planned to rent it out to farmers. -
French Goes South (1)
The friendship between the French and the Huron Indians came to an end because of European dieases. The dieases swept through the villages, killing many of the Indians. -
European Jealousy
Europeans got jealous when Spanish ships made their way home with boat loads of gold and silver. Each year Spain was gaining wealth and power, which other nations wanted part of in the New World. None could compete with the Spanish Empire so they all had to find unclaimed territories. -
French View of the Natives
The French were more interested in furs than farming. They had peace with the Indians because they had two different interests. French made the Indians their business partners. Samuel de Champlain made friends with the Huron Indians. The French even fought the Iroquois with the Hurons. They all became very friendly. -
Smallpox helps the Spanish Again
Smallpox had already reached the Inca empire months before another conquistador, Francisco Pizarro came to conquer them. This killed thousands of Incas and leaving their empire divided. -
Broad Talk on Salem Witch Trials
We learned about what it meant to be a witch and where most of the Witch Trials were. At this time, people believed everything was based on devil work that were bad. -
Witchcraft Info
(In the late 1600s) People thought loss, illness and death were outcomes of witchcraft. People could just accuse anyone and they would be accused and interrogated. If they were guilty, they were exceuted by night. Certain thing, such as cats, moles, etc., were used as symbols of witchcraft. Overall, 185 people were accused in Salem. -
John White
We learned about the 2nd leader of Roanoke. He goes back to England for supplies for the Lost Colony. He also has a granddaughter named Virginia Dare. His granddaughter was the first child born in the Americans from English parents. -
The Roanoke "Lost Colony" Details.
In class we learned that while 2nd leader, John White was away, a fight occured with Spain and England in the area of Roanoke. When he returned to the island all the colonist had disappeared. He found the word "Croatoan" in a tree. -
Robert de La Salle - Mississippi River.
Robert de La Salle is the man who explored the entire length of the Mississippi River. -
English: Roanoke, etc.
English create Roanoke, the Lost Colony, in which Sir Walter Raleigh was the founder of. Sir Walter tries to start a colony on the tiny island of Roanoke (present day North Carolina). There were already Indians here. The Indians were friendly with the English, for they were not after the same thing. -
Jamestown Survives
We learned that Jamestown gets a fresh start when 3 English ships arrived with food and with 150 new colonists and 100 soldiers. Even with new people, the English are still in constant fear of attack by Indians. To end threat, they kidnapped Pocahontas and held her hostage.This is where Pocahontas met John Rolfe. -
SMART
We learned how to go deep into primary source documents by using the acronym, SMART. S stands for specifics. M stands for making a purpose. A stands for active reading, making annotations. T stands for thinking critically. At the end we explain everything throughly and with a Main Idea and Important details. Summarizing the document is the last step of SMART. -
Indian Relations
We learned that the Dutch made deals with members of the Iroquois Confederacy. The French were with the Huron. It worked out perfectly. -
New Amsterdam
We learned that fur trade grew more, Dutch made the trip to the New World. Dutch settlement on Manhattan swelled to over 1,000 people. -
Enter the Dutch
We learned that Henry Hudson helped the Dutch. He was exploring the coastline farther north for the Netherlands. The Dutch wanted to find the Northwest Passage, which was no such thing. -
Peter Minuit
We learned in class that the Dutch told Minuit that they can steal the Indians things but you have to give something back in return. Minuit offered the indians iron pots, beads, and blankets worth about $24 dollars in exchange for their land. Natives didn't believe anyone can own land. -
Peter Stuyvesant
We learned that Peter Stuyvesant changed the name New Netherlands to New Amsterdam. His nicknames were Peg Leg Pete and Old Silver Nails. He was a strong leader but he was generally disliked. He often reffered to individuals as "ignorant subjects" and threated to ship them back to the Netherlands in pieces if they gave him trouble. -
Stuyvesant Captures People
We learned that Peter captured a nearby Swedish colony and invited its settlers to live in New Amsterdam. -
Few Famous Supreme Court Cases
We learned about famous supreme court cases. There are 11 of these cases. The first case is Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. The 2nd is Dred Scott vs. Sanford. The 3rd is Giedon vs. Wainwright. The 4th Mapp vs. Ohio. The 5th is Marbury vs. Madison. The 6th McCulloch vs. Maryland. The 7th is Miranda vs. Arizona. The 8th is New Jersey vs. TLO. The 9th is Plessy vs. Ferguson. The 10th is Roe vs. Wade. The 11th is Tinker vs. Des Moines. -
The Articles of Consitutition/Amendments
We learned that about the Articles of Consitution, which there are 7. There are two types of Amendments. Bill of Rights (Amendments 1-10) and The Later Amendments (11-27). There are 27 Amendments in total. -
All about the 3 Branches in Ohio: Positions
We learned that in Ohio there are House of Representatives and Senators. There are 16 representatives in Ohio and we live in Congressional District 11. There are 2 senators in Ohio. Senator Rob Portman (R) and Senator Sherrod Brown (D). There is one Chief Justice named John Roberts. -
Federal Government vs. State Government
We learned the difference between federal government and state government. Federal government controls the U.S. State government controls a certain state. -
Ohio History
We learned that Ohio's statehood started with the Ordinance of 1787, and the creation of the Northwest Territory. -
Northwest Ordinance
We learned that the Northwest Ordinance is americans living in the New World getting together and form the Ohio Land Company. -
The Northwest Territory
We learned that the massive amount of "unsettled" land consists of the present day states of: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota. It was ruled by a small committee: A governor, a secretary, and three judges. All of them were appointed by the U.S congress. -
The Ohio Government Breakdown #1
There are 3 branches of government; legislative, executive, judicial. We learned that legislative creates state laws and state spending. Executive makes appointments, execute the laws (veto, pass, ignore, if ignored, will become a law). The judicial branch has a goal. The goal of all courts - federal and state - is to settle disputes according to the laws. (Interpret laws). -
Ohio Executive Branch
We learned about the There are several positions inside the Ohio Executive Branch. We have a governor (John Kasich), a lieutenant governor (Mary Taylor) and the governor's cabinet (Ohio cabinets members: 26 positions - Presidents has 16). -
(Ohio) Legislative Branch
We learned that the House of Representatives and the Senates are in the legislative branch. For Ohio, these two groups together are called the General Assembly. The Ohio House of Representatives has 99 members. The Ohio Senate has 33 members. There are 99 districts in Ohio for State House Representatives. -
(Ohio) Judicial Branch
We learned about the positions in Judicial Branch. These positions are the 6 justices and the one chief justice. The number is uneven because they all can come to a complete decision. The Ohio Supreme Court is also in the Judicial Branch. Many other courts are within this branch. This includes the Mayor's Court. -
Lifestyle of the Colonial Families
We learned that the lifestyle of the colonial families were bad. It had little space with lots of people. -
Colonial Wrap Up
We learned that the colonies had lots of growth. In the late 1700s, they developed a society. They had the same (federal) government that we have now. The colonials here had more freedom tha those at home because their king isn't directly there with them. -
Aztec Empire
We learned that this empire was in Central America. Still in the 1519s, Cortés and his men reach the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. Some of the residents of the Aztecs mistook Cortés as Quetzalcoatl, the great Aztec God and welcomed him as a hero. -
Croatoan
We learned that this word was craved in a tree inside the remains of Roanoke. The word has always been a mystery. Theories of what happened to Roanoke formed also. -
John Rolfe
We learned that John Rolfe was another individual who helped Jamestown survive. He found crop that could be raised in Virginia and sold for high prices in England (tobacco). He married Pocahontas. The marriage creates peace between the Indians and the English in Jamestown. -
The English Create Jamestown
We learned that the English create the new home Jamestown after King James I. Jamestown was a swampy peninsula. There was a downside of Jamestown. It had a lot of dieases, was in the middle of a powerful Native American Tribe and some of the people (nobility) there didn't work. The Indians did not care about the English here.