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The Minoans were located on Crete in the Greek Peninsula. They were big sea traders, and big into pottery. The Minoans were eventually defeated by the Mycenaens. -
The Minoans were around for 1700 years
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The Minoans were defeated by the Mycenaens, who were a society of warrior people who lived during the Bronze Age. -
The Mycenaeans only lasted for about 200 years, much shorter than the Minoans.
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The Mycenaens fell into a dark age, and according to records, the Mycenaeans were defeated by "sea people", similar to the Egyptians. -
This was a period in time, during which nothing was logged, recorded, or written down. It wasn't until about 900 BCE that most of what we know about Ancient Greece had started being recorded.
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Ancient Greece as we know it, from the fall of the Mycenaen civilization to the death of Alexander the Great. Ancient Greece was operated based on City-States, which all had their own government systems, laws, and militaries. Ancient Greeks had their own mythology and a culture in which they valued individuality, philosophy, mathematics, and sciences.
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Persia grows in size, and wants to Assimilate nearby states into their Empire. Greece resists, with Athens taking charge in defending their coasts. Eventually the Greeks successfully ward off the Persians, which angers the King of Persia, Darius the Great. He vows to take revenge on Greece, but he dies before achieving that goal. His son, Xerxes, inherits the conquest, and leads the second invasion against Greece. The Greeks allied together, and after some time, they eventually won.
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Persia Attacks the shores of Athens. The Athen warriors use the Phalynx formation to defend a narrow hill at the top, and fend off the Persians after a long battle. The Persian navy tries to attack again, but they are defeated in the Invasion. -
Darius's son, Xerxes, launches a second invasion against Greece. The Combined efforts of the Spartan foot soldiers, the Athenian navy, and the cooperation of the Greek City-States is what led to a second victory for the Greeks. -
Led by Athens, the Delian League was an alliance in between the City-States with the common goal of defeating Persia. -
Athens wanted full control over the city-states within the Delian League. Naxos is the first to rebel, after which they were defeated and forced to take down their city walls. -
Tensions rose between Athens and Sparta. Sparta refused to join the Delian League, and thought that Athens had grown too powerful. The war started when Thebes (allied to Sparta) attacked Plataea (allied to Athens).
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Pericles was the leader of Athens at the time, over time he grew increasingly ill, before dying from his sickness. This plague ravaged Athens throughout the Peloponnesian War. -
After years of fighting, Sparta offers Athens an opportunity for peace, which Athens accepts since it has been significantly weakened. -
Athens launched an attack against Sicily, which led to the second part of the Peloponnesian War. -
The Government within Athens began to fall apart. Their newly rebuilt navy was destroyed by Spartan forces with help from the Persians. Sparta forms a blockade around Athens, and after a year, Athens officially lost the war. -
Sparta was victorious in the war. After Athens surrendered, Sparta imposed an Oligarchy in the government of Athens (the Thirty Tyrants), and claimed Dominion over the southern portions of Greece. Sparta's Dominion did not last long after the war had ended, however. -
A battle within Greece between Thebes and Sparta. It started when Sparta refused to swear on behalf of the new Alliance of Thebes and their allies. It ended in the victory of Thebes -
Born in Pella, Macedonia. Alexander was born to a monarchy. His Father, King Philip II, had the goal of conquering the Persian Empire. -
King Philip II is assassinated. At the age of just 20, Alexander claims the throne of Macedonia and kills his political rivals. With Greece under his control, Alexander starts making preparations for conquering Persia. -
Alexander's forces are faced with Persia's massive army, which is led by King Darius III, in the southern region of modern-day Turkey. Alexander would end up winning, and King Darius III would flee, leaving his wife behind. Darius's mother was so upset that she disowned her son, and adopted Alexander as her new son. -
After Alexander takes over more Persian land, King Darius III offers a plea for peace to Alexander, who then denies it and takes over Byblos and Sidon. In 332 BCE, Alexander begins to attack the island of Tyre. Since he had no navy, Alexander instructed his men to build a track over the water to move his forces to the island, but this plan had failed. Alexander then began to amass a navy, and breached Tyre's walls months after he first attacked the island. Many Tyrians were executed or enslaved. -
After taking over Egypt (where he established Alexandria), Alexander faces Darius's troops at Gaugamela. Both sides suffer from heavy losses, and eventually, Darius is killed by his own men. Alexander then claims the throne to himself, but another Persian ruler, Bessus, had also claims to the throne. Alexander then pursues Bessus, and after some time, Bessus's troops betray their leader, and hand him over to Ptolemy (an ally to Alexander). After Bessus's death, Alexander becomes King of Persia. -
Alexander begins to march to India in 327 BCE. Some Indian tribes peacefully surrendered, while others did not. In 326 BCE, Alexander meets King Porus, and while his army is less experienced than Alexander's, he utilized elephants. After a huge battle, Porus is defeated, but Alexander ends up losing his horse, which devastates him. Alexander ends up naming the city Bucephala after his horse (Bucephalus). Alexander wants to take more of India, but he ends up returning to Persia to recover. -
It isn't clear how Alexander died. Some say it was from illness, others say it was from poison. After Alexander dies at the age of 32, many people fight for the power that Alexander left behind. The empire that Alexander built eventually splits into the Ptolemaic Kingdom, the Seleucid Empire, and the Kingdom of Macedon, among others.