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Period: 1494 to
Life of Suleiman the Magnificent (Ottoman Empire)
Suleiman expanding the Ottoman Empire during his reign. During this time, the Ottoman Empire was at its height. -
1500
Ming China and Cultural Growth
In the early 16th century the Ming Empire saw cultural and commercial growth. Elite classes would produce operas, novels, poetry and paintings. -
1500
Ming China and the Mongols
In the 1500s large numbers of Mongols were unified by their devotion to Dalai Lama which in turn lead to pressure on the frontiers of Ming Empire indirectly causing the downfall of the Ming. -
1500
Ming China
After 1500 economic depression and recurring epidemics kept the rural population from growing. -
1500
Choson Korea
In the early 16th century one had to be born into the yangban class to take the examination that allows you to influence the government. This made social mobility very hard and placed those already in wealthier families incharge. -
1502
Shah Ismail establishes rule in Iran
Ismail's claim of the throne enacts the establishment of Shi'a in Iran which causes an even further divide between the Iran and the the Sunnis -
1511
Safavid Empire
In 1511 the Safavid Empire pushed the Uzbeks north-east ensuring Iran's eastern borders. -
1513
Qing China and Portugal
Portugal and Qing China maintain a trading system where the Qing Empire is in control. This establishes cultural exchanges between the two states -
1516
Selim I conquers Egypt and Syria
Selim's conquering of Egypt and Syria extended the reign of the Ottoman Empire. -
1520
The reign of Suleiman I begins
Suleiman's reign brings forth a new era for the Ottoman Empire. His reign of imperial perfection is referred to as the gold age of Ottoman greatness -
1520
The Prosperity of the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, under Suleiman's reign was said to have a perfect imperial system resulting in the Ottoman Empires permanent place in history. -
1521
Suleiman I conquers Belgrade
Suleiman's conquest of Belgrade showed his political and military capabilities that ended up building the Ottoman Empire's reputation -
1522
Suleiman and the Christian assult
Suleiman's expelling of the Knights of the Hospital of st. John from the island of Rhodes helped to establish the rejection of Christianity as well as solidify the Empire's reputation as imperially perfect. -
Period: 1524 to 1574
Life of Selim II (Ottoman Empire)
Began the Coalition Wars against France (Napoleon) which eventually resulted in a long period of peace for the continent. -
1526
Babur defeated the last Muslim Sultan of Delhi
Babur's defeat of the was the start of the Mughal Empire's success. -
1526
The Mughal Empire and the Europeans
There was a rise in European trade. In addition to this the lack of navy the Mughal people had they believed the Europeans to be people they could rely on. -
1529
Suleiman I besieges Vienna
This gave the Ottomans even more of an 'unstoppable' reputation. -
1543
Tokugawa and Europeans
In the early 16th century contact with Europeans helped the Japanese improve military equipment and provided new opportunities. -
1547
Ivan IV adopts title of tsar
Ivan conquered the Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan and Sibir, leading Russia to become a multiethnic state. He also transformed Russia from a medieval state into an empire and was the first Russian ruler to use the title tsar. -
Period: 1556 to
Life of Akbar (Ottoman Empire)
Akbar expanded the Mughal Empire at its height while supporting a policy of religious tolerance between Hindus and Muslims which influences modern leaders today. -
1562
Mughal Empire
The marriage between Akbar and his Rajput wife encouraged reconciliation and and intermarriage between Muslims and Hindu people. -
Period: 1569 to
Life of Jahangir (Ottoman Empire)
After Akbar’s son succeeded him, Akbar’s traditions were supported. Jahangir was influenced by other religions and cultures. -
1570
Ordination of first Jesuits (Tokugawa Japan)
The Jesuits diffusion information such as medical treatments to Japan from Eurasia. -
1571
Russia
In 1571 the Crimean Tatars were powerful enough to sack Moscow showing that Russia wasn't as powerful or great as said to be -
1573
The fall of the Ashikaga Shogunate
The Ashikaga Shogunate was the weakest of the three Japanese military governments and its end resulted in the Tokugawa Shogunate -
1582
Assassination of Oda Nobunasui (Tokugawa Japan)
Oda Nobunasui unified part of Japan but his death catalyzed the unification when Hideyoshi Toyomi sought to avenge his death -
Expulsion of Christianity (Tokugawa Japan)
The Japanese avoidance of European influences is a main contributor of its homogeneous population and lack of both immigration and emigration. -
Period: to
Anatolian rebellions (Ottoman Empire)
The Ottoman Empire suffered from emigration and loss of agricultural production that contributed to rebellions which further harmed the military state and led to its eventual downfall. -
Invasion of Korea (Tokugawa Japan)
Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Korea in hopes to rule both Korea and China. Although Japan had to withdrawal, Korea and China both faced major loses. -
Period: to
The Imjin War (Choson Korea)
The Imjin War had a very negative effect on Korea by hingering its development. It also caused friction between Japan and Korea that is present today. -
Period: to
The Imjin War (Ming to Qing China)
The war harmed the Qing dynasty. -
Period: to
The Imjin War (Tokugawa Japan)
This major conflict lead to the diffusion of information. Japan benefited from the knowledge of pottery technology gained from Korean specialists. -
Negotiations of peace with Japan (Ming to Qing China)
The Ming dynasty witnessed some years of peace with Japan but future conflicts harmed the dynasty. -
Attack on China (Tokugawa Japan)
Hideyoshi was never able to defeat China but there was great casualties on both sides. -
Isahan becomes capital of Istahan (Safavid Empire)
Shah Abbas I relocates the Iranian capital to Istahan which displayed grandiose palaces and mosque that display the strength of the Safavid dynasty. -
Russia conquers Siberian Khanate (Russia)
The loss the Siberian Khanate shows the decline of the Mongol Empire. -
Period: to
Rebellions in Mughal Empire
The rebellions fractured the Mughal Empire and decreased prosperity. Jahangir revolted against his father and then faced rebellions from his wife and brother-in-law. -
Matteo Ricci allowed to reside in Beijing (Ming to Qing China)
Matteo Ricci and others founded the Jesuit China missions which synthesis Christianity and Confucian ideas together. -
Formation of Tokugawa Shogunate (Tokugawa Japan)
The Tokugawa Shogunate completely unified Japan while the newly built roads improved its economy through trade. -
Christianity is outlawed (Tokugawa Japan)
The Japanese avoidance of European influences is a main contributor of its homogeneous population and lack of both immigration and emigration. At this time, Christianity is officially illegal. -
Death of William Adams (Tokugawa Japan)
William Adams, the first Englishman to set foot on Japanese soil falls ill and dies, he was the Shogunate's revered trade advisor. -
Safavids take control of Baghdad
Safavid empire are very powerful. -
New emperor of Mughal Empire
Shah Jahan succeeds as emperor, during this period, the court’s opulence becomes more expensive than its value. -
Destruction of Hindu temples (Mughal Empire)
Shah Jahan orders that all recently built Hindu temples shall be destroyed, this ends the Mughal tradition of religious tolerance -
Taj Mahal
Shah Jahan begins building the Taj Mahal as a memorial for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal, it becomes one of the greatest examples of Mughal architecture -
Isolation of Japan
Shogunate forbids overseas travel, all of Japan’s ships are forbidden to leave the country. Japanese seamen could no longer work on foreign ships; those who disobey are executed. -
New policy for daimyo lords (Tokugawa Japan)
Daimyo Lords are required to reside alternate years in Edo. This policy effectively curtailed the power of the daimyo, depleting their treasuries and leaving little money for armies. -
Qing Dynasty (China)
The Qing Dynasty begins when Huang Taiji of Manchuria in northeast China renames the region. New leadership in China. -
Peasants revolts (Tokugawa Japan)
Peasants on the Shimabara Peninsula near Nagasaki revolted against the local daimyo, this uprising transformed into a Christian revolt. More than 40,000 rebels hold off government troops for over four months. -
Murad IV Retakes Iraq
Second conquest of the city by the Ottoman Empire as part of the Ottoman-Safavid war of 1623-1639 -
Ban on Portuguese ships (Tokugawa Japan)
Iemitsu Shogunate bans Portuguese ships from Japan’s shores and expels all foreigners due to the Shimabara Rebellion. -
Alliance with Dutch (Tokugawa Japan)
The Dutch dominated foreign trade with Japan; they also became the main source of information about Europe. Allows Dutch to gain advantage over other European nations. -
Death of Ming emperor (China)
The last Ming emperor hangs himself, and China acquires a new and final dynasty- the Qing. -
Decline of Mughal Empire
The young Hindu prince, Shivaji, captures Bijapur in a campaign against Muslim rulers that will result in the establishment of the Maratha empire. -
Cossack rebellion (Russia)
A Cossack rebellion leads to the eventual transfer of their territory from Poland to Russia. Russia becomes more powerful. -
Expansion of Russia
The Russian Empire, expanding eastwards through Siberia, reaches the Pacific coast. -
Reforms in Russia
Nikon becomes patriarch of Russia and introduces reforms which cause the old believers to form a breakaway sect. -
Great Edo fire (Tokugawa Japan)
Great Edo fire occurred and most of Edo castle burned, also causing 100,000 souls to Perish. Harms Japanese economy and society. -
Dara Shikoh becomes regent (Mughal Empire)
Dara Shikoh changes the course of the Mughal Empire. -
Aurangzeb (Mughal Empire)
Aurangzeb succeeds as emperor after defeating Dara Shikoh and executing him. Aurangzeb goes on to expand the empire but his harsh religious conservatism undermines the stability of the empire and therefore marks the beginning of the decline of the Mughal’s power -
Period: to
Wars of Louis XIV
A war that broke out to gain the possession and control of Netherlands. -
English presence in Mughal Empire
England’s East India Company is granted a lease on Bombay by Charles II -
Mosque in Mughal Empire
The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb builds the great Badshahi Mosque in Lahore. Presence of Islam in Mughal Empire -
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi becomes the 5th Shogun (Japan)
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi becomes the 5th Shogun. Tsunayoshi makes his court a center of Chinese and Buddhist studies, and issues various edicts on “compassion for living.” Influences Japanese culture. -
Rise of Asante
Asante gained control and led migrations for his people. -
Canal du Midi completed
Canal, that is still in use today, that is settled within South France. -
Period: to
Anglo-Dutch Wars
Wars that were fought to gain control of trade routes. -
Treaty of Nerchinsk with Russia
Peace treaty between Russia and China, agreeing to not create wars amongst each other. -
Period: to
Rule of Peter the Great
After he took the throne, he helped the country progress using ideas from other European countries. -
Qing control of Inner Mongolia
Throughout different regions, Qing rulers governed parts of Mongolia with altering administrative systems. -
The Enlightenment begins
An intellectual period that society, in Europe, quickly believed. -
Period: to
Slave trade predominates
Slaves were bought and deported from their homes to be enslaved. -
Period: to
Atlantic system flourishing
The Atlantic trade transported goods such as cash crops and manufactured goods. -
Trial of the Forty-Seven Ronin
Their raid led to the succession of the death of their lord when samurais plotted a revenge against him. -
St. Petersburg becomes Russia’s Capital
Russia was able to move their capital in hopes of improving the country. -
English receive slave trade monopoly from Spanish Empire
The English had an easy access to a supply of slaves from the Spanish Empire, with a higher quantity, economic production increased. -
Rise of Dahomey
A monarch who controlled a part of Africa; invaded and conquered neighboring lands to expand his reign to gain direct access to the slave trade. -
Afghan invaders topple last Safavid shah
Afghan gets rid of the last stronghold, gaining control of the land around them. -
Oyo makes Dahomey pay tribute
During its military expansion, it expanded and invaded Dahomey, forcing them to pay back. -
Janissary revolt begins period of Ottoman conservatism
Janissary establishes their rule over Safavid territory. -
Period: to
Rule of Emperor Qianlong in Asia
He did much for the culture of Qing China by working to preserve the Manchu heritage and more. However, he also led a suppression of any works that was against Qing China shaping China’s cultural identity. -
Period: to
Nadir Shah temporarily reunites Iran; invades India
Nadir reunites and establishes control of other territories. -
Period: to
Rule of Emperor Qianlong
Took control of the throne and ruled China. -
Iranians under Nadir sack Delhi
Under their invasions, they were able to control and capture capitals using their military. -
Ottoman Empire loses control of Egypt
Allows the Mamluks to regain a powerful position in Egypt and signifies the political breakdown of the Ottoman empire that will contribute to their eventual downfall -
Powerful Sunni movement in Ottoman Empire
Signifies the political and religious breakdown of the Ottoman empire. After this event, the Sultan’s power began to slip away and more regions began to follow their local officials rather than the Ottoman government. -
Grand Bazzaar is burned to the ground (Ottoman Empire)
The Grand Bazaar was the greatest market in the Ottoman Empire and it burning down greatly hurt the economy and led to the looting of the Janissaries. This event only represents the oncoming political and economic breakdown of the Ottoman Empire. -
Period: to
Dutch, French, and Russian diplomatic missions to China failed
Furthers Qing China’s isolationism and prevents them from entering the global economy with the other leading countries. Additionally, it prevents Qing China from gaining diplomatic allies. -
Period: to
Qing China begins to have economic and environmental decline
Due to their isolationism, Qing China began to suffer which would eventually lead to their downfall. The environmental decline would continue and greatly hurt the present day environment. -
Period: to
Painters begin to take up forms of Western art (Choson Korea)
The new western style of painting was vastly different from the old yangban style by including bold colors and forms. This shift altered Korea’s artistic identity and persists until the present day. -
Period: to
Russo-Turkish War
Began a series of Russo-Turkish wars (until late 1800s.) Each war only furthered to break the Ottoman Empire and strengthen the Russian Empire. -
Period: to
Power of merchant families rose in Japan
Their power led to further development in heavy industry and the key to future modernization greatly changing Japan’s economy. -
Period: to
Russia conquers present day Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova, and parts of Poland
Adds to Russia’s land which greatly increased their economic outputs which furthered their economy and political control. Additionally, it heightens Russia’s standing in Europe and Asia. -
Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji with Russia (Ottoman Empire)
Ottoman Empire is forced to cede Crimea to Russia and grants Russia special rights to the Holy Roman Empire land under Ottoman control. This shows the breakdown of Ottoman Empire and their slow loss of land and control that will continue until the 1900s. -
Reign of King Chongjo begins (Choson Korea)
His reign greatly affected Korea’s economy by leading to an increase in agricultural production and improved agricultural technology. -
Mount Asama erupts (Tokugawa Japan)
A large number of towns and villages are destroys along with farm land. This leads to a famine that devastates Japan’s population and economy. -
Famine devastates Japan
Known as the worst famine to strike Japan, the famine killed approximately 20,000 people and helped contribute to a large population increase. This hurt all aspects of Japanese life and caused a downfall in their economy and social life. -
Tokugawa lenari becomes 11th Shogun
He had the longest rule of any Tokugawa Shogun. He was known for his extravagance, vanity and eventually, under his rule, Japan refused economic trade. This may have hurt the Japanese economy. -
Russian ships lands in Japan
Represents Japan’s isolationism as they refused all trade with Russia. A document was sent back with Russia that said christianity was outlawed in Japanese borders showing their religious values. -
Macartney Mission reaches Qing China
British officials reach China for the first time and try to establish economic and diplomatic ties. -
Qing emperor refused diplomatic and economic ties with Britain
Furthers Qing China’s isolationism and prevents them from entering the global economy with the other leading countries. Additionally, it prevents Qing China from gaining diplomatic allies. -
Russia takes part in European coalitions against Revolutionary and Napoleonic France