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Jan 1, 1000
Paleo
The paleo-indian time period dates back to 12,000 years ago.The lithic state refers to the cultures of post-glacial hunters and collecters in South America. Some of the tools they used includes flacked stone tools, spears with stone points, and fluted cumberland points. Spears were their main weapon for hunting. Their shelters were not permenant, tents covered with hide. The Paleo Indians' social habits included hunting, gathering fire wood, and gathering materials for tools. -
Jan 1, 1000
Archaic
The archaic period lasted from about 8,000 b.c to 1,000 b.c.The people of this time used tools that included the atlatl and spear throwers used for hunting. Lived in larger groups (nomatic). Food consisted of rabits, antelops, deer, elk, moose , other terristial animals were water birds, fish, and shellfish. Social habits consisted of hunting and planting food. -
Jan 1, 1000
Woodland
The Woodland time period spans from about 1,000 b.c to 1,000 a.d. Their tools include bone tools, spears, atlatas, blowgun, and bow&arrow. Social habits include pottery. Lived in settlements, generally circular to oval in form, housed no more than 50 people. Foods includes meat, fish, nuts,and berries. There are 3 stages to this period The Early Woodland Period- 1,000b.c to 1,000a.d. Middle Woodland Period- 1ce to 500ce. Late Woodland Period- 500ce to 1000ce. -
Period: Jan 1, 1000 to
Mississippian
This time period lasted form about 800 to 1,000 A.D. The people of this period used tools that included stone axes, digging sticks, and fire. They ate wild plants and animals. Houses are mainly used for shelter used during weather, sleeping in the cold months, and storge. Thier social habits are pottery, earthwork, and agriculture, -
Mar 3, 1540
Hernando De Soto
He was the first european explorer to explore Georgia.Searched for gold, silver, and a pathway to China. Led 600 spanish soldiers, bussinesses men,entrepreneurs, and preists through Georgia. Was the 1st european explorer first documented to have crossed the Mississippi River. -
Charter of 1732
The Charter of 1732 is a document granted to 20 trustees for the foundation of England's last colony in America. King George signed the charter creating its govererning board and establishing the colony on April 21,1732. -
Salzburgers Arrive
The Georgia Salzburgers, who are a group of German- speaking protestant colonist arrived in 1734. They founded the town of Ebenezer which is now Effingham county. After getting exiled from their own country because of being protesters, they recevied support from King George II and the Georgia Trustees. -
Highland Scots Arrive
They first arrived in Savannah, Georgia from Scotland upon the request of James Ogethorpe to help defend Georgia from the Spanish invaders and find new homeland for themselves. The next day they arrived on the Alatamaha River, now known as Darien, in McIntosh county. -
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John Reynolds
John Reynolds became the first ever royal governor of Georgia. He lacked political experience necessary for the establishment of a model government. So, he came up with the idea of a self-government, which he wanted help from the colonists to help run the government. Additionally, that resulted in the set up of a bicameral legislature and a court system.
(I could not find the end date of his service of the government but, the next governor went into office May 17,1758) -
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Henry Ellis
He was named the leutinant governor on August 15,1756. Later on while he became governor, he learned from Reynold's mistakes. As a result, new colonists came to Georgia who also brought slaves. By 1759, the population had grown to about 10,000 people inckuding 3,600 slaves. He was a popular governor which the colony made economic gains. After the climate took a toll on his health, he had to be removed as govenor on November 2,1760. -
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James Wright
He was the 3rd and some say most popular royal governor of Georgia. With having peace between the french and spanish, he negoticated with the indians to open new land. He believed if large farms would grow even larger, if trading was expanded, and if the western lands of the colony were opened up to settlers, that Georgia would grow. He agreed with the self- government program. After the war to regain control of Savannah was lost, he withdrew on July 11,1782. and retired to England. -
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American Revolution
Upheaval of which colonists in the 13 American Colonies disgarded the British monarchy,overthrew the authority of Great Britain, and founding of the USA. Starting in 1775, the society of colonists rejecting the authority of the British parliament who were taxing them without any representatives in the government. Tensions caused many fights. Resulting in a global war as known as the American Revolution. After many battles, the U.S Bill of Rights was written gauranteeing many "natural rights." -
Elijah Clarke/ Kettle Creek
He was an officer of the Georgia Militia and a hero of the American Revolutionary War. He led over 600 loyalists to a suprise victory at Kettle Creek, which Clarke led his men to many geurilla raids that took tolls on the British. He is now known as a very honorable hero. -
University of Georgia founded
University of Georgia was the 1st unversity in America to be greated by a state government. UGA is located in Athens, Clarke county. Abraham Baldwin was the person who found this university. -
Austin Dabney
He was a slave who later became a private in the Georgia militia and fought aginst the British in the Revolutionary War.
Was the only African American to be granted land by the state of Georgia because of his bravery and service during the Revolution. His race caused some problems among the county he was granted land in. In addition to the grants, he also received a federal invalid pensionof $60 a year which eventually went up to $96. -
Constitutional Convention
A constitutional convention as held to construct a constitution to respond to the newly formed Confederate States of America. When it open in Philadelphia when an abundence of representatives arrive. Since Georgia has no vote so, its ordinance requires that 2 members must be present. -
Georgia Founded
James Edward Oglethorpe, along with 20 other men created a charter to settle in a new colony. Georgia was named after King George II.Georgia was the last of the 13 colonies. James made Georgia so that debators that were in jail could start over. -
Georgia Raffles Constitution
Georgia called a special convention in Augusta to ratify the new U.S constitution. They were the fourth state to do so. Georgia did this because it provided protection from the indians and they could expand their land. -
Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin, a machinary that helped the production of cotton by speeding up the process of removing cotton fiber. Prior to his invention, farming cotton required hundreds of man-hours to seperate the cotton seed from the raw cotton fibers, -
Yazoo Land Fraud
In 1995, the Georgia legislature sold 35 million acres of its western land to 4 land companies for $500,000. Soon the sale became a public scandal because almost all the Georgia legislators who voted for the law had been bribed by the companies. Though in 1796, the newly elected Georgia legislator revoked the sale. The repeal of the corrupt sale became a political and legal issue for nearly 20 years. In 1802, Georgia agreed to transfer its western land to the United States for $1.5 million. -
Capital moved to Louisville
The legislature mandated that the commission select a location within 20 miles of an Indian trading post known as Galphin's Old Town, or Galphinton. The commission was authorized 1,000 acres of land, which would be patterned after Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the capital of the United States. The legislature also directed the new capital site be called Louisville in honor of Louis XVI of France, in appreciation for French assistance during the Revolutionary. -
MIssouri Compromise
This was an effort by congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries, triggered by the request of Missouri for admission in which slavery would be permitted. To keep peace, congress decided on a two- part compromise, granting Missouri's request but also admitting Maine as a free state -
Dahlonega Gold Rush
20 years before the gold rus hin California, gold was discovered in Dahlonega, Georgia. By accident, it was discovered whe a man named Benjamin Parks tripped over a rock. After he got to looking at it, He realized it was gold. The gold rush didn't start until 1829 in Lumpkin County and soon spread to the North Georgia Mountains. -
Worcester v. Georgia
The United States Supreme Court vacated the conviction of Samual Worcester and stated that the Georgia criminal law statue prohibiated non- Native Americans from being present on native lands without a license from the state was unconstitiutional. This case was argued from February 20,1832 until March 3,1832. -
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Trail of Tears
Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy forced the Cherokee Indian to give up their land. The U.S troops took them from their ancestral land and returned them to the Indian Territory, which is now known as Oklahoma. -
Compromise of 1850
This was a package of 5 seperate bills that the United States congress passed, in which defused a 4-year political confrontation between slave and free states. A guy named Henry Clay came up with a solution in efforts to seek a compromise and avert a crisis between the North and South. As a part of the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was admended and the slave trade in Washington, D.C was abolished. -
Georgia Platform
This was a statement stated by a Georgia convention, in response to the Compromise of 1850. The proclomation accepted the measures of the measures of the compromise so long as the North complied with the Fugitive Slave Act and would no longer attempt to ban the expansion of slavery into new states.Nevertheless, the conditions upon which the Georgia Platform rested would fail the tests of time, bringing in the next decade a replay of events with different results,secession and war. -
Kansas- Nebraska Act
This act created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new land for settlement. The Missouri Compromise of 1850 had the effect by allowing white men settlers to determine whether to would allow slaves in their territories. -
Dred Scott case
Dred Scott v. Sandford was a decison made by the U.S supreme court in which the court said that African Americans, whether enslaved or not, could not be American citizens. Therefore had no standing to sue in federal court. Dred Scott attempted to sue for his freedom, in a 7-2 decison the court denied his request. For only the 2nd time in history, the supreme court ruled an Act of Congress unconstitutional. -
Henry McNeal Turner
African Methodist Episcopal minister and later Bishop Henry McNeal Turner emerged immediately after the Civil War as one of the most ardent defenders of African Ameriacn rights. Turner was also among the first group of Reconstruction-era African American elected officials. In July 1868, Turner was among the two state senators and twenty-five black Republican state representatives elected to serve in the Georgia legislature. - -
Election of 1860
This was the election of Abraham Lincoln, which was 19th quadrennial presidental election. He became the first republican to win the presidency election. Lincoln only recieved 40 percent of the popular vote but defeated the 3 other people canidates. He stayed in office until 1865 when he was assassinated . -
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Union Blockade of Georgia
Revolved around preventing supplies from being delivered in Savannah. The Union realized that the blockade needed to be strengthen to further prevent smaller ships from getting into port. Small ships were able to pass through. A victory for the Union came in 1864 when the U.S.S Water Witch was captured.Gen. William T. Sherman's troops assaulted Fort McAllister in December 1864 and captured Savannah Dec. 22, 1864, thereby linking up with the Union Navy, ending the blockade. -
Battle of Antietam
This battle was not only the bloodist battles in the American Civil War, but also the bloodist single day in all of American history. This battle was faught between the towns of Sharpsburg, Maryland and Antietam Creek. It ended as General Robert E Lee invaded the nothern states. -
Emancipation Proclamation
President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation as the nation's 3rd bloody civil war approached. It declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the difiant states are to be set free. -
Battle of Gettysburg
This was the largest battle of the American Civil War as well as the largest battle of North America. General Robert E Lee brimmed with confidence and decided to invade the north for the 2nd time after their victory in May. In addition to the conflict, Lee hoped to gain recognition of the Confederacy and strengthing the cause of the northern " Copperheads" who wanted peace. -
Battle of Chickamauga
This battle marked the ending of a Union offense in Tennessee and Georgia called the Chickamauga Compaign. This was the 1st major battle fought in Georgia. Battle was between the Army of the Cumberland and the Confederate Army.This battle ended on September 20, 1863 -
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Andersonville Prison Camp
Andersonville, Georgia served as a site of a Confederate prison.The prison was the South's largest prison for captured Union soliders. It was known for its unhealthy conditions and high death rate. Approximately 13,000 Union prisoners perished at Andersonville. Following the war, its commander Captain Henry Wirz was tried, convicted, and exacuted for war crimes. -
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Sherman's Atlanta Compaign
Union General William T. Sherman faced off with Confederate Generals Joseph E. Johnston and John B. Hood. Sherman's goal was to destroy the army of Tennessee, capture Atlanta and cut off vital Confederate supply. Although he failed to destroy the enemy, he was able to force surrender of Atlanta. this boosted President Abraham Lincoln's re-election bid. -
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Sherman's March to the Sea
Union army troops of William Sherman marched from Atlanta, Georgia to the Georgia coastline. The objective was to destroy the Condederate supplies. The march started after 'Sherman captured, evacuated, and burned Atlanta. -
Thirteenth Amendment
This amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude It was passed at the end of the Civil War before the Southern states had been restored to the Union. With the adoption of the amendment, the United States found a permanent soultion to the issue of slavery, the 13th,14th, and 15th amendment is one of the trios of the Civil War amendments that expanded the civil rights of a American. -
Freedman's Bureau
Established in 1865 by congress to help former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the war. 4 million slaves' freedom got granted leaving communities in ruins and destroyed the South's plantation-based economy.The
Freedman's Bureau provided food, housing, and medical aid, established schools and offered legal assistance.They attempted to settle slaves on Confederate lands,but the bureau was blocked from fully carrying out its programs, due to shortage of funds. -
Ku Klux Klan
The KKK waged a underground campaign of intemidation and violence directed at white and black repubician leaders. It was formed in 1866and extended to almost all southern states by 1870.After a period of decline, white Protestant nativist groups revived the Klan in the early 20th century, burning crosses and staging rallies, parades and marches denouncing immigrants, Catholics, Jews, blacks and organized labor. -
Fourteenth Amendment
The amendment covers citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was preposed in response related to issues of slavery in the Civil War. The 14th amendment fail to extend the Bill of Rights to the states; it also failed to protect the rights of black citizens.Citizens petitioned and initiated court cases, Congress enacted legislation, and the executive branch attempted to enforce measures that would guard all citizens’ rights. -
Fifteenth Amendment
Amendment XV prohibited the federal and state governments from denying a citizen right to vote based on the citizen's race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
International Cotton Exposition
World's fair held in Atlanta, Georgia from October 5 to December 31 of 1881.The location was along the Western and Atlantic railroad tracks near present day King Plow Arts center development in the West midtown area. The 1881 Exposition hosted over 1,000 exhibits representing seven countries and every region of the USA; over half were from the South. Business and civic leaders from Atlanta, several Georgia counties, 12 U.S. states, and Great Britian. -
Booker T. Washington
African American educator delievered his " Atlanta Compromise" speech at the Cotton States and International Expostion in Atlanta. His speech responded to the " Negro Problem" - the question of what to do about hte social and ecnomic condition of blacks and the relationship between blacks and whites in the ecnomically change in the South. -
Plessey vs Ferguson
United States Supeme Court deicison upholding the constitutionality of state laws regarding racial segregation in public places under the doctirne "seperate but equal." After the Supreme Court ruling, the New Orleans committee of citizens, which had brought the suit and had arranged for Homer Plessy's arrest in an act of civil disobedience in order to challenge Louisiana's segregation law, stated, "We, as freemen, still believe that we were right and our cause is sacred." -
WEB Du Bois
Racism was the main target of Du Bois's polemics. He protested aginist lynching,Jim Crow laws, and discrimination in education and employment. He was a proponent of Pan-Africanism and helped organize several Pan-African Congresses to fight for independence of African colonies from European powers. -
Tom Watson and the Populists
Watson had long supported black enfranchisement in Georgia and throughout the South, as a basic tenet of his populist philosophy.[9] He condemned lynching, and attempted to protect black voters from lynch mobs. However, after 1900 his interpretation of populism shifted. He no longer viewed the movement as being racially inclusive. By 1904, he was engaged in nativist attacks on blacks. By 1908 Watson identified as a white supremacist and ran as such during his presidential bid. -
Alonzo Herndon
African American barber and entrepreneur, was the founder and president of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company, which was the most sucessful black-owned insurance bussinesses in the world. -
1906 Atlanta Riot
The Atlanta Riot was a mass civil disturbance in Atlanta, Georgia. It began in the evening of September 22 and lasted until September 24 1906. It was characterized as a "racial massacre of negroes." The death toll of this event was 25 African Americans and 2 European Americans were killed. At that time Atlanta considered it self a prime example of how whites and blacks could live in racial harmony, but with the end of the American Civil War, tensions were increased between whites and blacks. -
John and Lugenia Hope
LH- She worked for the improvement of black communities through traditional social work, community health compaigns , and political pressure for better education and infrastructure.JH-He was the first African-descented president of both Morehouse College in 1906 and of Atlanta University in 1929. -
Leo Frank Case
A Jewish man in Atlanta was placed on trial and convicted of raping and murdering a 13 year old. The girl worked for the National Pencil Company, which he managed. In the middle of the night, the watchman at the factory found her body and called the police. When police went to Leo's house he was very nervous. The watchman said that Frank called earlier that day to see if everything was alright, which he's never done before. Some citizens took Leo from his cell and hung him from an oak tree. -
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World War 1
World War I, also known as the “Great War” or the “War to End All Wars,” was sparked by the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, in June 1914. However, the roots of the conflict trace back to a complex system of alliances between European powers starting during the mid-19th century. The United States, adhering to a policy of isolationism, stayed out of the conflict until April 6, 1917, when Germany’s policy of unrestricted submarine warfare became unbearable. -
County Unit System
Established in 1917 when the Georgia Legislature passed the Neill Primary Act. This act formalized what had operated as a informal system, instituted in Georgia in 1898, of allotting votes by county in party primary elections -
Alonzo Herndon
He was the foudner and president of the Atalnta Life Insurance Company. Admired and respected by many because of his invovlment and sopprt of local institutions and charities devoted to advancing African American bussiness and community life.When W. E. B. Du Bois called a meeting of selected black leaders to organize the Niagara Movement, Herndon was among the twenty-nine men who attended the founding meeting in 1905. -
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Great Depression
CONTENTS PRINT CITE
The Great Depression (1929-39) was the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. In the United States, the Great Depression began soon after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. -
Pearl Habor
The attack on Pearl Habor was a surprise military stride by the Japense Navy. -
Eugene Talmadge
Governer of Georgia 4 times. He was Democratic Politician, -
Richard Russell
He served in public office for 50 years as state legislature.He helped to secure or maintain 15 military instalations. -
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Holocaust
It was a genocide which killed approximately 6 million Jews.Natzi leader Adolf Hitler was responsible for this. -
Civilian Conservation Corps
A public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the US for unemployed and unmarried men from relief families as a part of the new deal -
Agriculture Ajustment Act
It was a federal law of the New Deal tiem which reduced agriculture production by paying farmers not to plant on a part of their land and to kill excess livestock. -
Social Security
Social Security Act to provide for the general welfare by establishing a system of federal old-age benefits. -
Rural Electrification
The Rural Electrification Act provided federal loans for the installation of electrical distribution system to serve rural areas of the US. The funding was channeled through cooperative electric power companies. -
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William B. Hartsfield
He served as the 49th and 51st mayor for Atlanta,Georgia. He was responsible for fostoring Atalnta image as "the city too busy to hate" durign the civil rigths struggles of the 1950's. -
Benjamin Mays
Best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights, and the progression of African American rights in America. -
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World War II
Fought between the Allied power of the United States,United Kingdom,and Soviet Union aginist the Axis powers of Germany,Italy,and Japan. Over 60 million people were killed. -
Herman Talmadge
Served as agovernor for Georgia in early 1947 and again from 1948 to 1954. -
1946 Governor's Race
Started when the governor (Eugene Talmadge died.The general assembly elected his son, Herman Talmadge to take his place.There was confusion becuase the leiutensnt governor claimed to be the governor. It was on Nov 17 when the offically named Herman Talmadge the governor. -
Brown vs Board of Education
This was an landmark United States Supreme Court case where the court established seperate public schools for blacks and whites. -
1956 State Flag
The Georgia state flag that was used from 1956 to 2001 featured a prominent Confederate battle flag and was designed by Southern Democrat John Sammons Bell, a World War II veteran and an attorney who was an outspoken supporter of segregation.During its official usage as the state flag, some Georgia residents found it offensive and started dancing. -
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
Was a result of when staff at a lunc hcounter refused to serve 4 black students. At first several hundred and then several thousand students participated in protest against this form of segregation.To support and coordinate this spontaneous movement, Ella Baker, a National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) official, called a conference at Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina from April 16 to 18, 1960. It was there that the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. -
Sibley Commission
The Sibley Commission was set up by Gov Vandiver in 1960 to gauge Georgia's attitudes towards desegregating the public school system. -
Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter
They were the first 2 black students to be accepted into the University of Georgia. -
The Albany Movement
The Albany Movement was a desegregation coalition formed in Albany, Georgia, on November 17, 1961, by local activists, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). -
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Ivan Allen Jr.
He was the 52nd mayor of Atlanta,Georgia during the civil rights era of the 1960's. -
Martin Luther King
He played a signifiant role in the Civil Rigths Movement. He led many boycotts but what he is most remembered for is his "I Has a Dream" speech at the March on Washington.He was assinated in Atlanta,Georgia on April 4,1968. -
March on Washington
This was for jobs and freedom. More than 200,000 Americans gathered at this event. Martin Luther King Jr. presented his 'I Had A Dream" speech. -
Civil Rights Act
This piece of civil rights legislation in the U.S that outlawed discrimination based on race,color,religon.sex,or national orgin. -
Carl Vinson
Carl Vinson was a US Represenitive from Georgia. He was the first person to serve as US Representive for more than 50 years. -
Atlanta Falcons
The Atlanta Falcons are a professional football team based from Atlanta, Georgia. They are a part of the NFC South division. -
Atlanta Braves
The Atlanta Braves are an American professional baseball team based in Atlanta. -
Lester Maddox
Served as the 75th governor for Georgia. He is known for when he refused to serve a black person at his restraunt. -
Atlanta Hawks
Professional basketball team in Atlanta,Georgia. -
Jimmy Carter in Georgia
He is the only Georgian thats been elected the president of the U.S.He is still alive today. -
Maynard Jackson Elected Mayor
He was the first African American to serve as the mayor for Atlanta.He served 8 years. -
Andrew Young
Andrew Young's lifelong work as a politician, human rights activist, and businessman has been in great measure responsible for the development of Atlanta's reputation as an international city -
1996 Olympic Games
The summer olympic games were held in Atlanta for the first time.
