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-Many marine invertebrates with external skeletons (arthropods)(Cambrian)
- Widespread marine algae(Ordovician)
-Fish without jaws(Ordovician) -
Rodinia was a supercontinent that brought together a large part of the earth's landmass, which began to break down due to magmatic movements in the earth's crust, accompanied by strong volcanic activity.
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-First land plants(Silurian)
-Fish diversify(Devonian)
-First amphibians(Devonian)
-Forests of giant ferns(Carboniferous)
-First reptiles(Carboniferous)
-Reptiles diversify(Permian) -
The Caledonian orogeny was a mountain-building process that occurred in Scotland, Ireland, England, Wales, and western Norway.
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Pangea was the great supercontinent that existed at the end of the Paleozoic era and the beginning of the Mesozoic era, which included most of the landmass on the planet.
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-First dinosaurs(Tirassic)
-Firs mammals(Tirassic)
-Gymnosperm plants dominate the Earth's surface(Jurassic)
-Dinosaurs diversify(Jurassic)
-First flying and aquatic reptiles(Jurassic)
-First birds(Jurassic)
-First plants with flowers(Cretaceous)
-Extinction of dinosaurs and anmonites(Cretaceous) -
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Scientists believe that Pangea broke apart for the same reason that the plates are moving today. The movement is caused by the convection currents that roll over in the upper zone of the mantle.
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-Development and diversification of mammals(Tertiary and Quaternary)
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The Alpine Orogeny is a mountain-building stage that occurred during the Cenozoic, when Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and the small Cimmerian plate collided with Eurasia.
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