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Period: 149 BCE to 146 BCE
Destruction of Carthage
The entire population of the city of Carthage was killed or sold into slavery -
Period: 301 to 399
Wu Hu and Jie People
200,000 people in China were killed. The perpetrators focused on racial characteristics such as high-bridged noses and bushy beards to chose their victims. -
800
Anasazi Genocide
The entire population was eliminated. -
Period: 1209 to 1229
Cathar Crusade
200,000 to 1,000,000 Cathars were killed by the French monarchy. The Cathars believed in two gods, the god of the New Testament, who was good, and the god of the Old Testament, who was evil and known as Satan (Satan was a god, not a fallen angel as taught by the Catholic Church). This contradicted the Catholic Church's teachings which were followed by the monarchy. -
Period: 1300 to 1399
Mongol Empire
One half of all the Mongol tribes were destroyed by Genghis Khan and his horde -
Period: 1393 to 1394
Tamerlane
Turko-Mongol conqueror Tamerlane was known for his extreme brutality and his conquests were accompanied by genocidal massacres. He killed all the Christians he could find including the entire population of the Christian city Tikrit. He, however, did not just focus on Christians. He also killed Muslims and Jews. -
Period: 1490 to
Indigenous Peoples of Americas
During this time-span, the population was lowered from 76 million to 1/3 of 1% of that total. This is controversial. Was it genocide? -
Period: to
Dzungar Genocide
The Dzungar who lived in an area that stretched from the west end of the Great Wall of China to present-day eastern Kazakhstan were the last nomadic empire to threaten China, After a series of inconclusive military conflicts that started in the 1680s, the Dzungars were subjugated by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in the late 1750s. 40 percent of the 600,000 Zunghar people were killed by smallpox, 20 percent fled to Russia or sought refuge among the Kazakh tribes and 30 percent were killed. -
Period: to
Haiti
Jean-Jacques Dessalines, the first ruler of an independent Haiti, ordered the killing of the white population of French creoles on Haiti, which culminated in the 1804 Haiti massacre. According to Philippe Girard, "when the genocide was over, Haiti's white population was virtually non-existent." -
Period: to
Zulu Kingdom
Zulu armies aimed to completely destroy their enemies, not simply defeating them. They exterminated prisoners of war, women, children, and even the dogs of their enemies. Estimates put the death toll between 1 and 2 million. -
Period: to
French Conquest of Algeria
Fifteen percent of the population of Algeria was killed in an effort to conquer the region. 500,000 to 1 million people were killed. -
Period: to
Yaquis
The Mexican government's response to the various uprisings of the Yaqui tribe have been likened to genocide particularly under Porfirio Diaz. By the end of Diaz's rule at least 20,000 Yaquis were killed in Sonora and their population was reduced from 30,000 to 7,000. -
Period: to
Moriori Massacre
When the Moriori Massacre was over, only 101 out of a population of over 2000 were left alive. They were enslaved, killed, and cannibalized bythe Maori tribe. -
Period: to
Massacres of Budi-Khan
100,000 Assyrian Christians were killed and more were sold into slavery. -
Period: to
Caste War of Yucatan
200,000 Maya people and Yucatecos (people of European descent). The Mayans began the atrocities against the population of Yucatecos who held political and economic control of the region. Brutality soon marked both sides of the struggle. -
Period: to
Circassians
One to 1.5 million people were killed and most of the Muslim population was deported. 90% of the population was destroyed by the Russian Tsar in an effort to eliminate Circassia's hold along the Black Sea coast. -
Period: to
Conquest of the Desert (Argentina)
This was a campaign against indigenous peoples. Between 1000 and 15000 were killed and displaced. -
Period: to
Congo Free State
Two to fifteen million people were killed after King Leopold II of Belgium claimed Congo in Africa as his own to gain as much wealth as possible from the region. He exploited the Congolese people to gain this wealth through the pillage of natural resources such as ivory, lumber, and, most importantly, rubber. -
Period: to
Armenian and Assyrian Christians
325,000 were killed and 546,000 were forced to leave cities, farms, and villages. Hundreds of churches and monasteries were destroyed or forcible converted to mosques. -
Period: to
German South West Africa
Herero and Namaqua people of present-day Namibia endured a genocide while their homeland was under rule as German South West Africa. They died in a brutal scorched earth campaign led by General Trotha. About 10,000 Namaqua were killed. Between 60,000 and 100,000 Herero died. Trutha wrote, "Every Herero with or without a gun, with or without cattle will be shot. I will no longer accept women and children. I will drive them back to their people to die in the desert or let them be shot at." -
Adana Massacre
30,000 Armenians and 1500 Assyrians were killed -
Period: to
Greek, Assyrian, and Armenian Genocides
1,400,000 to 2,850,000 people were killed in an effort to rid Turkey of all ethnic minorities. Turkey still refuses to acknowledge this today. -
Period: to
Decossackization
It is estimated that out of a population of 3,000,000, 300,000 - 500,000 Cossacks of Russia were systematically killed or deported to slave labor camps (where they later died) by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War. -
Period: to
Holodomor
Stalin caused a famine by ordering the confiscation of the whole 1933 harvest in Ukraine and some other parts of the Soviet Union, leaving the peasants too little to feed themselves. In addition to the requisitioning of crops and livestock, food was confiscated by Soviet authorities. Any and all aid and all food was prohibited from entering the Ukrainian republic. An estimated ten million died, including over seven million in Ukraine, one million in the North Caucasus and one million elsewhere. -
Period: to
The Holocaust
The Nazis killed the following estimated numbers:
Jews 5.93 million
Soviet POWs 2–3 million
Ethnic Poles 1.8–2 million
Disabled 270,000
Romani 90,000–220,000
Freemasons 80,000–200,000
Slovenes 20,000–25,000
Homosexuals 5,000–15,000
Jehovah's Witnesses 2,500–5,000
Spanish Republicans -
Dominican Republic
Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo ordered the execution of Haitians living in the DR. The Parsley massacre lasted approximately five days. There are claims that Trujillo had his soldiers show parsley to suspected Haitians and ask, "What is this?" Spanish-speaking Dominicans could pronounce the Spanish word for parsley perfectly but in Haitian Creole, the word for parsley is "persil". Those who mispronounced the word were assumed to be Haitian and slaughtered. 20,000 to 30,000 were killed. -
Period: to
Slavic Population of the Soviet Union
Deaths caused by the result of direct, intentional actions of violence by the Nazi armies advancing through and occupying Russia: 7,420,379. Deaths of forced laborers in Germany: 2,164,313. Deaths due to famine and disease in the occupied regions 4,100,000 -
Chechens, Ingush, Balkans, Karachay, and Kalmyks and volga Germans
123,000 to 200,000 Chechens and Ingush or between 1/4 and 1/3 of their total populations were killed after Stalin ordered the forced removal of non-Russian Soviet ethnic minorities. -
Period: to
Crimean Tartars
The entire ethnic Crimean population, 230,000 people, was forced to relocate by Stalin's purge of non-Russian ethnic minorities. More than 100,000 died of starvation and disease. -
Period: to
Indonesian Mass Killings
Hundreds of thousands of leftists and those tied to the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) were massacred by the Indonesian military and right-wing paramilitary groups after a failed coup attempt which was blamed on the Communists. At least 500,000 people were killed over a period of several months, with thousands more being interred in prisons and concentration camps under extremely inhumane conditions. -
Period: to
Equatorial Guinea
Francisco Macías Nguema was the first President of Equatorial Guinea. During this time, his country was nicknamed "the Auschwitz of Africa". His regime abandoned all government functions except internal security, which was done by terror; he acted as chief judge and sentenced thousands to death. He ordered the death/exile of 1/3 of the country's population, mostly of the Bubi ethnic minority. Uneasy around educated people, he killed everyone who wore glasses. All schools were closed in 1975. -
Period: to
Bangladesh Liberation War
During the nine-month-long conflict an estimated 300,000 to 3 million people were killed and the Pakistani armed forces raped between 200,000–400,000 Bangladeshi women and girls in an act of genocidal rape. -
Period: to
Cambodia
In Cambodia, a genocide was carried out by the Khmer Rouge led by Pol Pot. An estimated 1.5 to 3 million people died. The KR tried to create a form of agrarian socialism. The KR policies of forced relocation of the population from urban centers, torture, mass executions, use of forced labor, malnutrition, and disease led to the death of an estimated 25 percent of the total population (around 2 million people). At least 20,000 mass graves, known as the Killing Fields, have since been uncovered. -
Period: to
Guatemala
During the Guatemalan civil war, between 140,000 and 200,000 people are estimated to have died and more than one million fled their homes and hundreds of villages were destroyed. The officially chartered Historical Clarification Commission attributed more than 93% of all documented human rights violations to Guatemala's military government; and estimated that Maya Indians accounted for 83% of the victims -
Period: to
Somalia (Isaaq Genocide)
The Isaaq genocide or "Hargeisa Holocaust" was the state-sponsored massacre of Isaaq civilians by the Somali Democratic Republic under Siad Barre. Civilian deaths in this massacre number between 50,000-100,000 and local reports claim the total civilian deaths to be about 200,000 Isaaq civilians.This genocide also included the complete destruction of the second and third largest cities in Somalia, and had caused up to 500,000 Somalis to flee their land and cross the border to Ethiopia as refugees -
Period: to
Bosnian Genocide (Bosnian War)
In July 1995 Serbian forces killed more than 8,000 Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), mainly men and boys, in and around the town of Srebrenica. The Army of Republika Srpska, under the command of General Ratko Mladić, committed the murders. The United Nations described the mass murder as the worst crime on European soil since the Second World War. A paramilitary unit from Serbia known as the Scorpions participated in the massacre, along with several hundred Russian and Greek volunteers. -
Period: to
Rwanda
The mass slaughter of Tutsi in Rwanda during the Rwandan Civil War, which had started in 1990. It was directed by members of the Hutu majority government during the 100-day period from 7 April to mid-July 1994. An estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 Rwandans were killed, constituting an estimated 70% of the Tutsi population. Additionally, 30% of the Pygmy Batwa were killed. -
Period: to
Democratic Republic of Congo
During the Congo Civil War, pygmies were hunted down and eaten by both sides in the conflict, who regarded them as subhuman. There is reported evidence of mass killings, cannibalism and rape. These events were a campaign of extermination, and link the violence to beliefs about special powers held by the Bambuti. In Ituri district, rebel forces ran an operation named "Effacer le tableau" (to wipe the slate clean). The aim was to rid the forest of pygmies. 70,000 were killed. -
Period: to
Darfur Genocide
The Darfur genocide refers to the murder of Darfuri men, women, and children during the ongoing conflict in Western Sudan. The genocide-which is being carried out against the Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa tribes-has led the International Criminal Court to indict several people for crimes against humanity, rape, forced transfer and torture. More than one million children have been "killed, raped, wounded, displaced, traumatized, or endured the loss of parents and families". First genocide of 21st Cent -
Period: to
Myanmar
Myanmar's government has been accused of crimes against the Muslim Rohingya minority that are alleged to amount to genocide. It has been alleged that Rohingya are the primary targets of hate crimes and discrimination amounting to genocide fueled by extremist nationalist Buddhist monks and Thein Sein's government. Muslim groups have claimed that they were subjected to genocide, torture, arbitrary detention, cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment.