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Eli Whitney Patented the Cotton Gin
Caused higher slavery in south due to more slaves being needed after the cotton gin to be more efficient -
Horace Mann Elected Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education
American educator, the first great American advocate of public education, who believed that, in a democratic society, education should be free and universal, nonsectarian, democratic in method, and reliant on well-trained professional teachers. -
Tomas Jefferson Elected President
First switch between parties and beat John Adams for presidency. -
Second Great Awakening begins
The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. -
Gabriel Prosser Slave Revolt
Gabriel's slave conspiracy ended in severe repression and a more strict slave system -
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson buys land form France and it gave much needed land to the U.S. -
Marbury v. Madison
A case that "established the principle of judicial review" and made it possible for things to be unconstitutional. -
Beginning of Lewis and Clark Expedition
Bringed back a wealth of information about the largely unexplored region, as well as valuable U.S. claims to Oregon Territory. -
Embargo Act
Prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports -
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
Naval battle that ended up with Britain taking USS Chesapeake vessel. People got mad, Jefferson tries to use anger and to threaten Britain, but fails b/c congress wants nothing to do with it -
James Madison Elected President
Democrat-Rep. canidate defeated a Federalist and was the first time a party succeeded presidency. -
Non-Intercourse Act
This Act lifted all embargoes on American shipping except for those bound for British or French ports. -
Francis Cabot Lowell Smuggled Memorized Textile Mill Plans From Manchester, England
Made textiles even more competitive afterwards and allowed even greater production of textiles -
Beginning of Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny held that the United States was destined—by God, its advocates believed—to expand its dominion and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire North American continent. It encouraged Americans to greatly expand westward and was used to justify this. -
Death of Tecumseh
Tecumseh’s death marked the end of Indian resistance east of the Mississippi River, and soon after most of the depleted tribes were forced west -
End of the War of 1812
It fostered a greater sentiment of self-confidence and shared identity throughout the young republic. -
Battle of New Orleans
Concluded in a stalemate, but at the time, the victory at New Orleans elevated national pride to such a level that many Americans chalked it up as a win. -
The British Burn Washington DC
Two sides signed a peace treaty in which they agreed to return all conquered land to each other. With the British no longer a threat, reconstruction then began on the Capitol and White House. -
Treaty of Ghent Ratified
Ended the War of 1812 and was a diplomatic victory for the U.S. -
Hartford Convention
The New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 -
Era of Good Feeling Began
This was after the War of 1812, and there was one political party -
Rush-Bagot Treaty
Limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain, following the War of 1812. -
James Monroe Elected President
25ft president and eventually comes up with the Monroe Doctrine which inevitably becomes important later -
Anglo-American Convention
Solved issues between the U.K. and U.S. and the two nations agreed to a boundary line involving the 49th parallel north -
Adams-Onis Treaty
Treaty between U.S. and Spain where U.S. gets more needed land (Spain surrendered its claims to the Pacific Northwest) -
McCulloch v. Maryland
U.S. Supreme Court decision that established that the "Necessary and Proper" Clause of the U.S. Constitution gives the federal U.S. government certain implied powers that are not explicitly enumerated in the Constitution. -
Missouri Compromise
Where north and south got one slave state and free state to make it balanced, and showed rising tensions between north and south. -
Panic of 1819
Panic of 1819. In 1819, the impressive post-War of 1812 economic expansion ended. Banks throughout the country failed; mortgages were foreclosed, forcing people out of their homes and off their farms. -
Dartmouth College V. Woodward
The Court held that the College's corporate charter qualified as a contract between private parties, with which the legislature could not interfere. -
Denmark Vesey Slave Revolt
Importance as it shows examples of how rebellions would happen in the south; -
Monroe Doctrine
Opposed European colonialism in America. Doc. basically made U.S. protect the whole West. Hemisphere -
Robert Owen Founded the New Harmony Community
Tried to make a Utopian Community, but failed. -
John Quincy Adams Elected President (Corrupt Bargain)
Adams made Henry Clay his Secretary of State when Clay got everyone to vote Adams instead of Jackson -
Gibbons v. Ogden
The Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation. -
Erie Canal Completed
Allowed for greater cross-state commerce and allowed boats to go through the states -
Charles B. Finney Lead Religious Revivals in Western New York
Leader of revivalist and was able to convert a lot of people in the Second Great Awakening -
Lyman Beecher Delivered His “Six Sermons on Intemperance”
Beecher spread his anti-Catholic message wherever he went and delivered -
Andrew Jackson Elected President
Split the Democratic-Republican party into two after the corrupt Bargain -
Tariff of Abominations
A protective tariff designed to protect industry in the northern United States. After enactment of this measure, Southern cotton producers be came deeply alarmed when they learned of British threats to seek other markets, given that the cost of American cotton had become so high. -
Creation of the Whig Party in the U.S.
Formed in opposition of Jackson and had 4 presidents in the U.S. -
Catherine Beecher Published Essays on the Education of Female Teachers
Believed that a woman’s role as educator and moral guide for her family was the basis of a well-ordered society, and set the base for women in the future -
Indian Removal Act
The law authorized Jackson to negotiate with southern Native American tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their lands allowing more land -
Joseph Smith Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints
Moves people west and the new religion competes with other religions as well -
Nullification Crisis Began
The convention declared that the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and unenforceable within the state of South Carolina after February 1, 1833. You can see the tensions rising. -
Black Hawk War
After the lost of the Indians, America was pretty much able to take all the land they needed -
Worcester v. Georgia
Supreme Court vacated the conviction of Samuel Worcester and held that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non-Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license from the state was unconstitutional. -
Andrew Jackson Vetoed the Re-Charter of the Second Bank of the United States
Was in favor with the common man of the time -
Treaty of New Echota
It cost three men their lives and provided the legal basis for the Trail of Tears, the forcible removal of the Cherokee Nation from Georgia -
Transcendental Club’s First Meeting
Focused on the shortcomings of Unitarianism -
First McGuffey Reader Published
hese goals were suitable for early 19th century America, but not for the nations' later need for unified pluralism. The content of the readers changed drastically between McGuffey's 1836- 1837 editions and the 1879 edition. -
Texas Declared Independence from Mexico
Allowed Texas to eventually become part of the U.S. and -
Battle of the Alamo
Texans lost, but allowed for western expansion eventually -
Andrew Jackson Issued Specie Circular
It required payment for government land to be in gold and silver. -
Panic of 1837
A financial crisis in the United States that touched off a major recession that lasted until the mid-1840s. Profits, prices, and wages went down while unemployment went up. Pessimism abounded during the time. -
Martin Van Buren Elected President
Was Jackson after-study and was in the same party as Jackson -
Ralph Waldo Emerson gave the “Divinity School Address”
He argued that moral intuition is a better guide to the moral sentiment than religious doctrine, and insisted upon the presence of true moral sentiment in each individual, while discounting the necessity of belief in the historical miracles of Jesus. -
Trail of Tears Began
After Indian removal act, this was the trail that the Indians were forced to make or be killed -
John Humphrey Noyes Founded the Oneida Community
He founded the Putney, Oneida, and Wallingford Communities, and is credited with coining the term "complex marriage". -
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
The treaty settled the Northeast Boundary Dispute , which had caused serious conflicts, such as the Aroostook War. -
James Polk Elected President
Democrat James K. Polk defeated Whig Henry Clay in a close contest that turned on the controversial issues of slavery and the annexation of the Republic of Texas. -
Treaty of Wanghia with China
Desiring to establish firm, lasting, and sincere friendship between the two nations, have resolved to fix, in a manner clear and positive, by means of a Treaty. -
U.S. Annexation of Texas
Allowed for one of the biggest land grabs for the U.S. -
Start of the Mexican War
It pitted a politically divided and militarily unprepared Mexico against the expansionist-minded of the U.S. -
Bear Flag Revolt
A small group of American settlers in California rebelled against the Mexican government and proclaimed California an independent republic. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. Also ended war -
Gold Rush Began in California
Caused a lot of westward expansion. -
Henry David Thoreau Published Civil Disobedience
Thoreau's minor act of defiance caused him to conclude that it was not enough to be simply against slavery and the war. A person of conscience had to act. -
Commodore Matthew Perry Entered Tokyo Harbor Opening Japan to the U.S.
Led four ships into the harbor at Tokyo Bay, seeking to re-establish for the first time in over 200 years regular trade and discourse between Japan and the western world. -
Gadsden Purchase
The Gadsden Purchase, or Treaty, was an agreement between the United States and Mexico, finalized in 1854, in which the United States agreed to pay Mexico -
Kanagawa Treaty
Opens the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade and permitting the establishment of a U.S. consulate in Japan.
