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13th Amendment
The amendment that abolished slavery. -
15th Amendment
The amendment that granted citizenship to african american and then was changed to grant citizenship to other ethnicities. -
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Black Codes
Laws passed by democrat-controlled states that had the effect of restricting african americans freedom and compelling them to work in a labor economy. -
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Sharecropping / Tenant Farming
Farming someone else's land while paying a share of the crops raised for rent. -
14th Amendment
was adopted and came to known as one of the reconstruction amendments, which expressed citizenship rights and equal protection of the law foe everyone. -
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Jim Crow Laws
Laws that enforced racial segregation in the south. -
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Lynching
The action of killing someone by hanging for alleged offense, without a legal trial -
Plessy V. Ferguson
Homer Plessy's rights were violated by the "Louisiana separate car act" because he was 1/8 black american.
Resulted in the "separate but equal" law to be upheld. -
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Thurgood Marshall
an associate justice of the supreme court and was the first Black American justice.
Argued successfully several cases for example the brown v. board of education -
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Orval Faubus
An American politician whose best known for his stand against desegregation Little Rock Crisis, which prevented black students from entering the school.
His decision made it in the case Brown v. Board of Education. -
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Rosa Parks
An activities in the civil rights movement who refused to give up her seat in the "colored section" though she wasn't the only one to resist against the bus segregation. -
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Lester Maddox
An American politician who refused to serve black customers in his Atlanta restaurant. -
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George Wallace
American politician and the 45th governor of Alabama who was remembered for his southern neo-dixiecrat and pro-segregation positions. -
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Betty Friedan
American writer and activist who was the leading figure in the women's movement. -
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Cesar Chavez
American labor leader and civil rights activist who co-founded the National Farm Workers Association. -
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Martin Luther King Jr.
Baptist minister and activities who became the spokesperson and leader of the civil rights movement.
Known for his non-violence and civil disobedience. -
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Emmett Till
An 14-year old that was visiting relatives in money, Mississippi, when his was accused of whistling at a white woman, then was murdered by the husband and brother. -
Brown V. Board of Education
Declaring that state laws establishing separate public schools for blacks and white students to be unconstitutional. -
Desegregation
Ending the separation of two groups referring to race. -
Little Rock Nine
A group of nine black american, which were prevented from entering the segregated school by Orval Faubus. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
A bill that protected the rights of african americans to vote -
Sit-ins
A direct actions that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest. -
Freedom Riders
Civil activities that challenged racial laws in the American South, by refusing to abide by the laws designating that seating in buses be segregated by race. -
Civil Disobedience
The refusal to comply with certain laws, or pay taxes or fines. -
Ole Miss Integration
Segregationists protesting the enrollment of James Meredith, who was attempting to integrate into a all-white school -
U of Alabama Integration
In a attempt to stop desegregation of the schools, George Wallace got officers to stand at the door of the auditorium to block the entry of black students -
March on Washington
Held in Washington D.C, which the purpose was to advocate for freedom and jobs for black americans. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
the bill that ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin -
Affirmative Action
A policy providing advantages for people of a minor group who were discriminated against. -
Non-violent protest
Achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, without resulting to violence -
Watts Riots
an African-American motorist was arrested for suspicion of drunk driving. A minor roadside argument broke out, and then escalated into a fight. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Bill that aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment. -
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Black Panthers
black nationalist and socialist organization which active with monitor the behavior of officers in police departments and with community social programs with variety of programs. -
Title IX
9 of the education amendments that no one should be excluded, denied benefits, or be subject of discrinimation under the basis of sex.
