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Slavery
Keeping individuals enslaved to work and do their work; an unpaid worker who is not only unpaid but treated terribly as well. -
The Missouri Compromise
Missouri was admitted to the US as a slave state.
Maine was created.
Congress agreed that, in the future, slavery would not be allowed in the US north of the 36-30 line of latitude. -
Period: to
GA History Timeline
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The Compromise of 1850
California admitted to Union as a free state.
Slave trade was abolished in Washington, DC, US capital.
Strict slave law was passed.
Led to Georgia Platform. -
Henry Grady
Born in 1850///
Founder of New South movement
Died in 1889 at age 39.
Principal planner for 1881 International Cotton Expo.
Visited Northern cities and spoke about the New South -
Georgia Platform
The North stopped trying to ban slavery in new territories and strictly enforced the Fugitive Slave Act. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Northerners complained that slavery was supposed to be outlawed north of 36-30 line.
Kansas became known as "Bleeding Kansas"... -
Booker T. Washington
Wanted to "dignify and glorify" common labor. He was greeted happily by southern whites.Born into slavery. Headed the Tuskeegee Institute in 1881. Became a well-known educator and thinker.
****The date is his day of birth. -
The Dred Scott Case
Surpreme Court destroyed all of the compromises of the previous thirty years with the Dred Scott decision.
Surpreme Court ruled: slaves were property, not citizens, and could not sue in court.
...all states were slave states. -
Secession
The South began to discuss secession.
By February of 1861, the seven states of the Deep South had seceded and formed a new nation, the Confederate States of America. -
Battle of Antietam
This was the first major battle on northern soil at Antietam Creek in Sharpsburg, Maryland. This was the bloodiest day in US history with over 26,000 casualties. -
Battle of Gettysburg
45,000 people died over three days. Abraham Lincoln came back four months later and gave his famous speech at the cemetery (Gettysburg Address)... -
Battle of Chickamauga
Sept. 18-20, 1863
2nd bloodiest battle of the Civil War, behind Gettysburg -
Sherman's March to the Sea
Began in Atlanta Nov. 15, 1864, and ended Dec. 21 1864! 60,000 troops
4 seperate groups
This battle pretty much ended the war in GA. -
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery in the United States of America. -
14th Amendment
Gave citizenship to freed slaves. -
Henry McNeal Turner and the Black Legislators
They worked for Freedman's bureau. Henry was an educated minister. In 1867, Georgia adopted a new state Constitution. -
Congressional Reconstruction
Republicans in Congress diagreed with Lincoln and wanted to punish the South. President Lincoln vetoed the plan. He was assassinated shortly after. New president agreed to use Lincoln's plans with some slight modifications. -
Fifteenth Amendment
Guarenteed all citizens the right to vote, regardless of race or "previous condition of servitude"...(i.e. slavery) -
Jim Crow Laws
--AA were commonly called "colored."
--GA and other southern states passed state and local laws called Jim Crow laws.
--Signs were hung in public places. "Whites only" "Blacks only"
1876-1965 -
International Cotton Exposition in 1881
It showcased Atlanta and the NEW SOUTH. It brought industry and national attention to Georgia. Henry Grady brought it to Atlanta. -
Tom Watson
Georgia's best known populist.
1882) Elected to GA General Assembly
1890) Elected to Congress with backing of Farmer's alliance -
FDR
Born on 01/30/1882.
32nd president of the US.
Was president in THE ultimate depression.
Suffered from a terrible disease called polio. -
Eugene Talmadge
"yes, I stole but I stole for you"
Popular among rural farmers
County Unit System helped him get elected
Against FDR's New Deal programs -
Reconstruction
Pre-Reconstruction = South had been destroyed. South was physically and mentally reconstructed and southern states were reintegrated into the Union. Each state had to create a new government, and ablolish slavery. -
1906 Race Riot
Blacks and whites were competing for the same jobs in the city. Blacks were to blame got uproar. Whites randomly attacked black folks. 26 died, and hundreds were injured. -
Leo Frank Case
Mary Phagan, 13, was sexually assaulted and brutally murdered.
Leo Frank, Jew, was sentenced to life in prison due to Jim Conley saying Leo done it, as he was the only other person there... (Leo was innocent, Conley committed the crime) -
Disenfranchisement
Definition - the act of denying the right to vote
All women were disenfranchised for their lack of rights at the time.
----Prevented poor whites from having an input on goverment. -
Ivan Allen Jr
Mayor
He built 55 new buildings during his term as mayor.
He was a major advocate of MARTA and really impacted the growth of Atlanta. -
Herman Talmadge
**The date above is his date of birth.
Son of Eugene Talmadge
70th governor of Georgia -
World War 1
3,000 Georgia soldiers died.
Zimmerman telegraphs led us to joining World War 1.
Georgia textile mills made fabrics for military uniforms.
Soldiers from many states came to Georgia to receive military training at Camp Benning, Camp Gordon, and Fort McPherson. -
Lester Maddox
**The date above is his date of birth.
Elected governor of GA in 1967.
Improved teachers salaries.
Reformed prisons. -
County Unit System
MADE IT EXTREMELY HARD FOR BLACK FOLKS TO VOTE. -
Boll Weevil
--Migrated from Mexico
--Infested cotton growing areas in the 20's.
--Sharecroppers lost their jobs and most moved north.
--Helped diversify agriculture -
Drought 1924-1927
A drought is a lack of rainfall for a large amount of time. Farmers went into debt. Agricultural related buisnesses struggled. -
Jimmy Carter
James Earl Carter "Jimmy" was born on 10/01/24 and is 89 to the present date.
--- First and only Georgian to be elected US president
--Served in the US Navy and managed his family's farm in Plains, GA. He was elected governor of GA in 1970 and everyone really loved Jimmy. -
Lugenia Burns Hope
Early 20th century social activist and community organizer
Worked for a better education system -
Great Depression
Everyone was broke, basically.... They had too much bad credit. They borrowed money from US banks, getting into debt rather quickly. Farmers and buisnesses made too many products that were never sold, therefore losing money. The stock market then crashed, and everyone lost money. Unemployment was at a supreme high of 25%. The economy was weak. -
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
The CCC was part of FDR's New Deal. There were over 100 CCC camps, including 15 camps for African American workers. This group was designed for young people, especially young men. They planted trees, restocked lakes and rivers with fish, drained swamps, built roads for fire control, and worked as fire fighters. This part of the New Deal ended in 1942.... -
FDR's New Deal
FERA, AAA, TVA, CCC, FDIC, WPA, and REA
FDR's way of getting people back to working and revamping the economy. -
Andersonville
Prisoners suffered from overcrowding, disease, starvation, and lack of shelter.
Of the 45,000 prisoners, 13,000 died. -
World War 2
Germany, Japan, and Italy all fought against the Soviet Union, France, and Great Britain. Germany began to blame America for their hardships, along with western Europe. European nations began to turn to fascist leaders who "promised" better days. Japan surrendered to the Allies after the US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. -
Rural Electrofication Admininstration
Only 10% of the people in rural population areas had electricity, compared to the 90% of population in the larger cities.
Roosevelt knew the suffering involved without electricity in rural communities because he had his own home in small town in rural Georgia. -
Social Security
The US gov. takes money out of a workers paycheck and puts it into a security trust fund. When workers reach the age of 62, they apply for social security benefits -- money the government ays to retired workers. -
Lend-Lease Act
In 1941, Congress passed this act, lending supplies to any country. The US ultimately provided $50 billion in supplies. Roosevelt referred to the US as an "arsenal for democracy." -
Pearl Harbor
The Empire of Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor Hawaii at the US naval base.
--Sunk or damaged 8 battleships, 13 other ships, 188 planes, and killing 2,400.
--Second greatest attack in US history behind 9-11. -
Savannah and Brunswick Shipyards
Built ships for the war.
Supplied jobs. -
Ellis Arnall
Governor 1943-1947 Helped GA move away from segregation.
Abolished poll tax.
Lowered voting age.
Known for restoring GA colleges accredidation. -
Agricultural Adjustment Act
Farmers are subsidized (government pays farmers not to farm) in order to reduce the supply, which would increase the price of crops, this increasing the profit for farmers. -
Carl Vinson
Known for bringing NAVAL bases to Georgia.
US representative
Savannah and Brunswick shipyards -
1946 Governor's Race
Carmichael wins popular vote.
Talmadge wins county unit vote.
Talmadge becomes governor.
Talmadge dies and son, Herman Talmadge, becomes "governor"... -
Freedman's Bureau
--Gave food, medicine, and other supplies to freed slaves\
--Helped establish schools
--Provided legal services to freed slaves and also helped POOR WHITES. -
Bell Aircraft (now Lockheed Martin)
They built B-29 bombers for World War 2.
Made in Marietta, Georgia.
They produced one hundred airplanes a year. -
Ku Klux Klan
Founded in 1865 by a former Confederate general. The KKK became of means for Southerners to resist the North reconstruction erfforts. They used scare tactics, terror methods, violence, and murder to intimidate blacks. ---- Began sometime in the 50's. -
Racial Violence
Lynching became extremely popular.
These events became extremely popular all throughout the South.
Violence slowed in the US during the Civil Rights Movements in GA. -
Tenant Farmers
Farmers would rent a portion of land to farm and use their own animals, supplies, and equipment & normally paid 1/4 of their harvest for rent... -
Alonzo Herndon
African American barber and entrepreneur and president of Atlanta Life Insurance Company. He was America's most wealthy black man at one point. He was well respected and admired by many. -
W.E.B Du Bois
-Viewed the accomadationist approach as simply accepting the racism of southern whites.
-Founded the Niagara movement
-Thought that the African Americans should fight for total equality. -
Populist Party
The Farmer's Alliance joined w/ labor organizations to form this new political party. -
Rebecca Felton
A leader toward suffrage votes, particularly for women.
-Pushed for temperance
-Began the Georgia Training School for Girls
-Popular writer for the "Atlanta Constitution"
-First female US senator -
William B. Hartsfield
He is known for active support in GA aviation. He supported civil rights. He helped open Atlanta's first airport in 1925. -
Richard Russell
-Known for keeping military bases in Georgia.
-Also known for BRINGING bases to Georgia.
-Georgia governor and senator -
New Immagrant Communities
Georgia's foreign born population increased, between 1990 and 2000, by an increible 233%. Georgia has attracted many people from Vietnam and Cambodia since the 1970's. Just recently people have been coming and living in Georgia from Africa, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East. -
1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, GA
Atlanta and other Georgia cities gained new hotels, restaurants, and athletic facilities, such as the Centennial Park in downtown Atlanta. The games had an estimated $5 billion dollar impact on GA. Most of GA's economic fortune of today is because of the Olympic Centennial Games. -
States Rights
The idea that states rights are more important than the federal governments. -
Nullification
When a state rejects a federal law. -
Transformation of Agriculture on GA's Growth
Most of GA farms sell less than $10,000 in products a year.
GA remained a farming state until after World War 2, which ended in 1945. Less than 2% of Georgian's are now involved with farms.
1940-1950 The yearly income went from $300 to $1,000.
SHIFT FROM URBAN TO RURAL