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The early years of Franco dictatorship
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The organizations used by the Franco regime to indoctrinate the population and to achieve self-sufficiency in the country.
The Catholic Church monopolized education. A large part of the republican teachers were removed from their posts so they could only teach the values of the regime. There was no attempt to modernize the Spanish educational system until the approval of the General Law of Education of 1970, which adapted it to the social reality of the country. -
The organizations used by the Franco regime to indoctrinate the population and to achieve self-sufficiency in the country. (2)
Regarding the economy, they imposed autarchy, to get the self-sufficiency of the country. For this, they used the National Wheat Service, which controlled the production and distribution of this cereal, and the National Institute of Industry, which had the purpose of promoting industrial production -
The end of the international isolation of the Franco regime.
After the end of WWII, the victorious powers tried to destroy the Franco regime. For this, they isolated Spain internationally by not allowing him to unite with the UN, and all countries took away their ambassadors. Also, France closed its border with Spain. But this situation changed during the Cold War. The US said the Franco regime was anti-communist, so they could be an ally. Due to this, in the 1940s embassies came back and the French border reopened. -
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Strengthening of the regime and developmentalism
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The opposition to Franco. (3)
In the 1960s the demonstrations multiplied. A neighbourhood movement appeared, demanding improvements in the neighbourhoods, the student movement earned strength, the trade union movement developed and there were terrorist organizations. -
The opposition to Franco.
After the new international situation, Franco made changes in the Government. The Falangists lost influence, FET y de las JONS was renamed the National Movement and the political system changed into an organic democracy, but it was still a dictatorship. In 1956 there were riots at the University of Madrid and workers’ strikes. -
The opposition to Franco. (2)
In the sixties increased opposition to Franco and the Communist Party proposed a policy of national reconciliation, so in 1962 the opposition parties produced a document condemning the Franco regime. Then, In 1974, the PSOE reorganized the Congress of Suresnes and chose Felipe González as general secretary. The Democratic Board of Spain and the Democratic Convergence Platform were also created and created more opposition. -
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The end of the dictatorship
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Transition
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The process of Spanish democratization.
After Franco’s death, the king established a democratic system in Spain. He decided to keep Carlos Arias Navarro as head of government, but there was opposition, so he forced Arias Navarro to resign and was succeeded by Adolfo Suárez. He carried out reforms to implement the democratic system: they approved the Law for Political Reform (1976), decreed an amnesty for political prisoners and legalized political parties. Then, called elections for June 1977. -
The political parties that led the transition.
The Union of the Democratic Centre won and laid the foundations of our democracy between 1977 and 1979: signed the Moncloa Pacts to address the country’s serious economic crisis, drafted a fully democratic Constitution in 1978, and reached an agreement o give autonomy to the regions. -
The Congress of Deputies or the Senate.
The separation of powers was established by the Constitution of 1978:
The Cortes Generales is made up of two chambers.
The Congress of Deputies and the Senate, exercise legislative power
The Government, the executive power;
The judges and magistrates, the judiciary. -
The political parties that led the transition. (2)
The UCD won the 1979 elections too, but the economic crisis and internal division caused him to resignate in 1981. So Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo as the new Prime Minister. Calvo Sotelo’s government faced the worsening of the economic crisis and more terrorist activity. But Spain joined NATO. Later, the elections of October 1982 gave victory to the PSOE by an absolute majority. -
The PSOE governments.
In the 1982 elections, the PSOE won by an absolute majority and until 1996 the socialist governments succeeded one upon the other, headed by Felipe González. It has the record of the longest period of governing Spain. They had problems because in 1982 the Spanish political situation was unstable and there was a danger of a new military coup, but then democracy consolidated in our country. -
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The PSOE Governments
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The Statutes of Autonomy.
In 1977 the Generalitat of Catalonia and in 1978 the General Basque Council and the Xunta de Galicia were settled. They wanted autonomy for the communities. So, the autonomous model was defined and granted the different Statutes of Autonomy, and it ended in 1983.
Right now, each Spanish Community has its Statute of Autonomy. -
Spain's entry into the EEC.
After Franco’s death, Spain had the opportunity to become part of the European Economic Community (EEC), which was initiated by the UCD governments.
Then, a time later, the PSOE decided to have a better relationship with other countries so it would be beneficial, such as France, Germany and the UK. -
Spain's entry into the EEC. (2)
Also, to clean up the economy and make it more competitive they adopted harsh measures to match up with the level of development of other countries. On June 12, 1985, Spain signed the Accession Treaty and entered into the EEC, which was a way of modernizing our country and was vital to Spanish evolution. -
The loss of popularity of the PSOE
The popularity of the socialist government declined in the end of the 80s because of the worsening of the economic situation, the increase in unemployment, and political corruption. Also due to the scandal of the GAL (Antiterrorist Groups of Liberation) They were destined to fight ETA with the same methods and the problem was that members of the state security forces and the socialist government were implicated.