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Period: 1509 to 1547
Henry VIII's reign
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Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther nailed the Ninety-five thesis
He nailed a devastating critique of the Indulgences to the door of the University in Wittenberg. He criticised Indulgences because they were sold to profit the clergy. Indulgences were a document issued by the Church with the pope's authority which reduced the amount of time one would have to stay in the Purgatory. -
1526
The Tyndale Bible
William Tyndale translated the new Testament, which was in latin, in english. -
1533
Act of Succession
With this act, Anne Boleyn was made the legitimate queen when Henrry VIII married her. -
1534
Schism : The church of England seperated from the Roman Catholic church
During Henry VIII's reign, he separated from the Roman Catholic Church, despite being a devout catholic. He made this decision in order to divorce his then wife, Catherine of Aragon because she failed to bear a son and he fell in love with her lady-in-waiting, Anne Boleyn. Even if he provoked the schism, it was purely institutional, as he still applied the Roman Catholic theology and dogma. -
1534
The Act of Supremacy
Henry VIII was made the Supreme Head of the Church of England. -
Period: 1536 to 1537
Pilgrimage of Grace
It was a protest against the Reformation and the dissolution. They demanded the restoration of the Pope and of Mary Tudor to the Royal Successions. Economic grievances were also at the centre of the rebellions. -
1537
Permission granted for an english Bible
The permission was given by the king for an English Bible and not a latin one. They were soon made mandatory in every church. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Council of Trent
The Roman Catholic church attempted to correct some of the abuses of the church and harshly condemned protestant heresies. -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Edward VI : the young King
After Henry VIII's death, Edward VI, his and Jane Seymour’s son, succeded him to the throne, at the age of nine. Since he was too young to reign, his uncle Earl of Hertford and soon Duke of Somerset, became Lord Protector. Edward VI was fiercely Protestant and pushed towards Protestantism during his reign. -
1549
Book of common prayer
The first prayer book included the complete forms of service for daily and Sunday worship in English along with other prayers you had to do for certain occasions. It basically informed of the prayers and services you had to do in Protestantism. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Mary I aka Bloody Mary
Mary I is the first queen regnant and married to Philip II, king of Spain, a catholic country. She is also the first daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. She restored Catholicism in the span of 18 months resorting to burning alive the protestants and obligating them to flee the country. She made over two hundred casualties. -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth is the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, she was illegitimate and therefore could not succeed to the throne. However, restored in the line of succession with the Third Succession Act in 1543, upon Mary I's death, being her heir, she became queen at the sole age of 25 while she was unmarried. Because of her previous illegitimate status and the fact that she was an unmarried woman, she had to prove herself to the Catholics and the Protestants. -
1559
The Act of Uniformity
Every parish had to use the book of Common Prayer and people who did not attend an Anglican service were fined. -
1559
The Act of Supremacy
Regarding the church’s organisation, sheabolidshed the Pope's authority, she restored the authority of the queen over the Church and became "Supreme Governor of the Church of England". -
1563
The 39 articles of faith
These articles stated the doctrine of the Church. They brought three important changes such as a new ecclesiology, a new doctrine of Salvation and a new definition of sacraments and of mass. They were published until 1571.
These changes are still in use today. -
1569
The Northern Rebellion
It was a rebellion against religious protestant reforms, with 6000 insurgents, it was led by the Earls of Westmorland and Northumberland. It was also an unsuccessful attempt to replace Elizabeth I by Mary, Queen of Scots. -
1570
The Pope excommunicated Elizabeth I
Until 1570, the Pope thought that Elizabeth I would revert to Catholicism because of the compromise she made between these two sides. Through the papal bull "Regnans in Excelsis", Pope Pius V excommunicated the Queen. Catholics began to be persecuted after 1570. -
1571
Treason Act
After Queen Elizabeth's excommunication, this act made it treason for anyone to say that Elizabeth was not the true Queen of England and Wales. -
Period: 1577 to
Repression of the Catholics
163 persons killed in 26 years. -
1581
The 1581 Act
It provided the death penalty to anyone converting or converted to Catholicism. It forbid people to participate or celebrate Catholic mass and Anglican services were now compulsory, if you missed any you had a 20£ fine per month. -
The Babington Plot
A plot led by Young Catholics whose objective was to kill the Queen and put Marie Stuart on the throne. Though, their strategies were discovered because of a coded letter which proved of Marie Stuart's conspiracy against the Queen. It eventually led to her execution. -
Execution of Marie, Queen of Scots
She was the Queen of Scotland and also Queen Elizabeth's cousin. She was at the centre of the plots against the Queen because the Catholics wanted her to replace Elizabeth I. However, as she was her cousin, a queen and that there wasn't any proof against her, Elizabeth I only had her confined at first. Finally, she was made to be executed after Elizabeth I's master spy deciphered a coded letter between Marie Stuart and the group of Young Catholics during the Babington plot in 1586. -
The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
The King of Spain attempted to invade England after many failed attempt in killing the Queen through various plots. He faced a huge defeat because of England's superiority in material and human terms (recruitment of many more sailors). England had a brand new fleet of 800 ships along with a new strategy by England (line battle) and the Dutch strategy (incendiary ships). As a result, the victory over the Spanish Armada had many Ideological effects. -
The Gunpowder Plot
A group of Catholic conspirators, including Guy Fawkes, attempted to blow up the Houses of Parliament and assassinate King James I on November 5, 1605. The plot was foiled, and the conspirators were executed.