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-Born in 1491
-Son of Henry VII (the first Tudor King).
-17y when he became king
-Died in 1547
-One of the most famous and emblematic English Kings -
Founded the Anglican Church and made King Henry VIII the sole and Supreme Head of the Church
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Rebellions that lasted 6 months in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, against the dissolution of monasteries, the Reformation, etc.
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-Son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour
-9y when his father died
-Protestant
-Died at 15y from tuberculosis -
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-Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
-First Queen regnant
-37 years old
-Married to Philipp II -
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-She was an unmarried woman
-Only 25 when she became Queen
-Pacified religious divisions -
-Abolished the authority of the Pope
-Restored the authority of the Queen over the Church
-She became “Supreme Governor of the Church of England -
-Every parish had to use the Book of Common Prayer
-People who did not attend an Anglican service were fined. -
The Pope called Elizabeth “The so-called queen”, “a heretic favoring heretics”.
Almost giving Catholics licence to kill her with the certainty that it would not be seen as a crime by Rome. -
-She was the daughter of King James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise
-She was a threat to Elizabeth -
England was superior in materials and stategy -
-Son of Mary Queen of Scots
-Proclaimed King of Scotland in 1567 -
A Catholic conspiracy to blow up parliament and kill James I, is discovered -
The first successful permanent British settlement in America
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Period of starvation, only 60 of the 500 colonists survived
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Conflict between James and the Parliament
England at war with Spain and France -
-Firmly believed in the divine right of Kings
-Married the French princess Henrietta Maria -
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-11 years when the King ruled without calling a parliament
-Whig historians called it “The Eleven Years Tyranny” -
-The introduction of the New Prayer Book set Scotland aflame.
Scotland was Presbyterian and the changes were deemed unacceptable
-The Scots invaded England and emerged victorious -
Irish Catholics rebels rose up against Protestant settlers
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Beheaded
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The Protectorate was a military dictatorship
Cromwell was appointed Lord Protector -
Restoration of the Monarchy
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-Son of Charles I, proclaimed king of Scotland after his father’s execution
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-Killed more than 100,000 people died
-A quarter of the capital's inhabitants had perished. -
Destroyed two-thirds of the city -
Rumour of a plot organised by the French to murder Charles II and replace him by his Catholic brother James II
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Parliament attempted to debar James II from the succession to the English throne
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-Age 51y
-Younger brother of Charles II
-Born 14 October 1633
-Son of Charles I -
-Bloodless Revolution
-Parliament invited William of Orange to invade England
-James II fled to France
-William - Mary became the new monarchs -
Mary, daughter of James II and her Dutch husband were invited to be King and Queen following James abdication
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-Lists King James’ misdeeds
-Fixed limitations on the sovereign’s powers
-Set out the rights of Parliament
-Set out basic civil rights -
Settled the order of succession and ensured a Protestant succession, ignoring dozens of Catholic heirs
Successor: Hanoverian descendants of James I -
-Was 37y
-Sister of Mary II
-Second daughter of James II
-Born February 6 1665 -
United the two kingdoms of England and Scotland -
Great-grandson of James I
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Son of George I
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Grandson of George II
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Britain formally recognized the independence of the United States
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Britain at war with France. Combatting revolutionary ideology + maritime, colonial and economic motives
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United the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland, creating the United Kingdom