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Period: 1491 to 1547
Henry VIII
Henry VIII was born in 1491, the son oh Henry VII (The first Tudor king)
Henry was 17 when he became king in 1509. He died in 1547. -
Period: 1509 to 1533
Henry's VIII marriage to Catherine of Aragon
Annulled -
Period: 1509 to 1547
Henry VIII and the break with Rome
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1517
The Ninenty-Five Theses
Martin Luther wrote the famous text that marks the start of the European Reformation -
1521
Martin Luther is excommunicated
He was excommunicated in 1521 and was declared a heretic. -
1526
Tyndale Bible
William Tyndale translated the New Testament into English -
1529
The pope rejected Henry's petition for a divorce
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1533
Act in Restraint of Appeals
The act in restrain of appeals gave the King the legal power to annul marriages. -
Period: 1533 to 1536
Henry's VIII marriage to Anne Boleyn
Executed -
1534
Act of Succession
made Anne Boleyn a legitimate Queen -
1534
act of supremacy
the king was late ‘supreme head of the church of england” (separate from the Rome and catholic church) -
1534
The schism
Under Henry VIII's reign, the church of England separated from from the Roman Catholic Church. This is called Schism -
Period: 1536 to 1537
Henry's VIII marriage to Jane Seymour
Died -
Period: 1536 to 1537
Pilgrimage of Grace
The dissolution process was interrupted by rebellions in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. These were the greatest rebellions ever faced by a Tudor monarch. -
Period: 1536 to 1541
The dissolution of the monasteries and the Pilgrimage of Grace
They were disbanded and the Crown appropriated their income and land (and at the time Church owned 25% of the land!) -
Period: 1540 to 1540
Henry's VIII marriage to Anne of Cleves
Divorced -
Period: 1540 to 1542
Henry's VIII marriage to Catherine Howard
Executed -
Period: 1542 to
Mary Queen of Scots, Mary Stuart
Mary Queen of Scots was the daughter of King James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise. She was raised in France as a catholic, widow of the french king Francis II. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Council of Trents
held in the Italian city of Trent = the symbol of hunter Reformation -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Council of Trent
o the Roman Catholic church attempted to correct some of the abuses of the church
o and harshly condemned protestant heresies -
Period: 1547 to 1533
Edward VI: The young King
Edward VI was 15 when he died from tuberculosis in 1553 -
1549
Book of common prayer
Revision of the mass-book, led to the publication of the Book of Common Praye -
1553
Mary I (Tudor) became the first Queen of England
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Period: 1553 to 1558
Mary I and the catholic restoration
In 1553, Mary I (Tudor) became the first Queen of England -
Period: 1555 to 1558
Protestantism was confined to secrecy
heretics were burned between 1555 and 1558
Under Mary’s brief reign, over 200 Protestants went to the stake (were burnt alive). -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I: The Virgin Queen
born in 1533 -
1559
The act of Supremacy : Church organisation
Abolished the authority of the pope
Restored the authority of the queen over the Church
She became “supreme Governor of the Church of England” -
1559
The Act of Uniformity: Religious belief
Every Paris had to use the book of common prayer
People who did not attend an Anglican service were fined. -
1559
Queen Elizabeth speech in 1559
"Married to the Kingdom" -
Period: 1559 to 1563
New Legislation
Elizabeth wanted to return protestantism, Between 1559 and 1563, she passed new legislation. -
Period: 1559 to 1579
Royal Progress in Summers
Travelling through the South of England, the Midlands, etc. Each year between 1559 and 1579 -
Period: 1559 to 1561
A love affair with Robert Dudley
Robert Dudley was married at the time, but his wife had breast cancer.
William Cecil did not approve. He spread a nasty rumour: Robert
Dudley wanted to poison his wife! When she was indeed found dead (cancer? Suicide?), her husband was suspected. -
Period: 1563 to 1571
The 39 articles of faith
Sated the doctrine (religious belief) of the church
3 important changes: a new ecclesiology -
1567
James was proclaimed King of Scotland
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1569
The Northern Rebellion
o Rebellion against religious reforms.
o 6000 insurgents.
o An attempt to replace Queen Elizabeth by Mary, Queen of Scots.
o The revolt was led by the Earls of Westmorland and Northumberland. -
1570
Catholics being persecuted
Catholics were tolerated before 1570.
But after 1570, they were persecuted. -
1570
The Pope excommunicated Elizabeth
Pope plus V issued the papal bull “remnants in Excels” (la bulle papale, un texte provenant du Pape):
It called Elizabeth “ The so called queen” “a heretic favouring heretics”
=almost giving Catholics license to kill her with the certainty that it would not be seen as a Crome by Rome. -
1571
Treasons Act
The 1571 Treasons Act made it treason for anyone to say that Elizabeth was not the true Queen of England and Wales -
Period: 1577 to
163 person killed during repression in 26 years
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Period: 1577 to 1580
Francis Drake Voyage around the world
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1581
Act ("act to retain the queens’s majesty’s subjects in their due obedience”)
It provided for the death penalty for any person converting, or already converted to Catholicism.
It was now forbidden to participate or celebrate the Catholic Mass
Anglican services were compulsory: 20 pound per month fine. -
The Babington plot
Young Catholics had sworn to kill Elizabeth and put Mary Stuart on the throne but their strategies were discovered by Francis Walsingham, when he managed to decipher a coded letter between Marie Stuart and this group. -
The execution of Mary Queen of Scots
She was executed because she was a threat to Elizabeth.
She was executed in 1587 in Fotheringham Castle, wearing a bright red dress, the colour of Catholic martyrs. -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada
The King of Spain attempted to invade England which was a complete defeat, England was victorious. -
Speech to the troops at Tilbury
The queen made this speech in Tilbury, Essex, in order to rally
the troops who were preparing to repel the invasion of the
Spanish Armada:
“I know I have the body of a weak woman but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and a King of England too”. -
James VI succeeded the throne
He was the son of Mary Queen of Scots (who had been executed by Elizabeth) -
James was proclaimed king of England
He was crowned King of England in 1603 on Elizabeth’s death -
Period: to
James I and the origins of conflict
Religion, Finance and war -
Gunpowder plot
A conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up Parliament and kill James I. -
Virginia became the 1st permanent
Virginia became the 1st permanent English settlement in North America -
The Great Contract
The Great Contract was a plan submitted to James I and Parliament in 1610 by Robert Cecil. It was an attempt to increase Crown income and ultimately rid it of debt. -
King Jame's Bible
a new English translation of the Bible -
Period: to
The thirty years' War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle, famine, and disease, while some areas of what is now modern Germany experienced population declines of over 50%. -
James I death
James I died on this day in 1625. He was 58 years old and the first monarch to unite the crowns of Scotland and England. -
Petition Of Rights
Petition of Right was petition sent by the English Parliament to King Charles I complaining of a series of breaches of law. -
Three Resolutions
Declared that whoever tried to bring in “Popery or Arminianism” or to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England was an enemy of the Kingdom -
Period: to
The personal Rule
“The Eleven Years Tyranny” -
Period: to
Religion under The Personal Rule
Archbishop Laud (Arminian) was determined to impose uniformity in church practice -
introduction of the New Prayer book
The changes were deemed unacceptable so the New Prayer book set Scotland aflame. -
Period: to
The Scottish crisis
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The Irish Rebellion
The Irish Rebellion of 1641 began as an attempted coup d'état, led by the Irish Catholic gentry. -
The Grand Remonstrance
The Grand Remonstrance, was originally known, in over 200 clauses, what Parliament saw as the king's abuses of power. -
Period: to
English Civil Wars
tensions between King and Parliament under King James and King Charles I that lead to the English civil wars -
Charles official declaration of war on Parliament
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New Army
A new army created by the Parliaments -
Battle of Naseby
The Battle of Naseby was fought on 14 June 1645 during the British Civil Wars. Sir Thomas Fairfax, Captain-General of Parliament’s New Model Army, led his troops to victory over King Charles I. -
Charles surrendered to the Scots
After starting the war well, Charles' Royallist forces face defeat. Fearing capture by the Parliamentary army, Charles surrenders to the Covenanters. -
New Army's Munity
the New Model Army seized the King. -
The king escaped from army custody
the King escaped from army custody and allied himself with the Scots -
Pride's Purge
Colonel Pride (Army) entered the House of Commons, stopped the vote and arrested the 45 conservative leader MPs. -
King Charles I executed
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Period: to
The Interregnum
The Interregnum was the period between the execution of Charles I on 30 January 1649 and the arrival of his son Charles II in London on 29 May 1660 which marked the start of the Restoration. -
Period: to
The Commonwealth
The Commonwealth was the political structure during the period from 1649 to 1660 when England and Wales, later along with Ireland and Scotland, were governed as a republic after the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I. -
Period: to
Charles II reign
Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was King of Scotland from 1649 until 1651, and King of England, Scotland and Ireland from the 1660 Restoration of the monarchy until his death in 1685. -
Charles II comeback
On his 30th birthday Charles II returns to London from exile in the Netherlands to claim the English throne after the Puritan Commonwealth comes to an end -
Act of informity
The Act of Uniformity 1662 is an Act of the Parliament of England. -
The Plague
The Great Plague of London, lasting from 1665 to 1666, was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England. It happened within the centuries-long Second Pandemic, a period of intermittent bubonic plague epidemics that originated in Central Asia in 1331 (the first year of the Black Death), and included related diseases such as pneumonic plague and septicemic plague, which lasted until 1750. -
The popish plot
The Popish Plot was a fictitious conspiracy invented by Titus Oates that between 1678 and 1681 gripped the Kingdoms of England and Scotland in anti-Catholic hysteria. -
Period: to
The exclusion crisis
The Exclusion Crisis ran from 1679 until 1681 in the reign of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. -
The glorious revolution
The glorious revolution is the sequence of events leading to the deposition of King James II and VII of England and Scotland in November 1688, and his replacement by his daughter Mary II and her husband and James's nephew William III of Orange, de facto ruler of the Dutch Republic. -
Period: to
Mary II and William III reign
In 1689 Parliament declared that James had abdicated by deserting his kingdom. William (reigned 1689-1702) and Mary (reigned 1689-94) were offered the throne as joint monarchs. -
The bill of rights
The Bill of Rights 1689 is an iron gall ink manuscript on parchment. It is an original Act of the English Parliament and has been in the custody of Parliament since its creation -
Act of settlement
The Act of Settlement of 1701 was designed to secure the Protestant succession to the throne, and to strengthen the guarantees for ensuring a parliamentary system of government. -
William III death
In September 1701 the exiled James II died, and Louis XIV proclaimed his son king of England -
Period: to
Queen Anne's reign
During Queen Anne's reign, Scotland and England found it increasingly difficult to co-exist peacefully, for their separate parliaments had conflicting foreign and economic policies. Eventually, the situation became so unstable that the Union of the Crowns itself seemed to be in danger. -
Act of Union
The Acts of Union were two Acts of Parliament: the Union with Scotland Act 1706 passed by the Parliament of England, and the Union with England Act 1707 passed by the Parliament of Scotland.