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The causes of this were: 1. Social: The bourgeoisie wanted more political power and the peasantry did not want to pay more taxes.2. Economic: there were bad harvests. That meaned higher prices and hungry people.
- Thoughts: Enlightenment made people think about the unfair royal authority.
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This was created only by the third estate. They met in the Tennis Court Oath to stay until France had a constitution
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The 14th July of 1789 thousands of workers attacked the prison of Paris (The Bastille). The objective was to end with the absolutism and to introduce a monarchy.
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This ended royal absolutism. There was a separation of powers, and only male over 25 years could vote.
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Maximilien Robespierre (Jacobin leader) established a dictatorship. People who were against the Republic were killed in the guillotine (more than 50 000 deaths). During this period, Robespierre put higher prices to basic items, and a new calendar was created. In 1794, Robespierre and his followers are executed by guillotine
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The 21th January of 1793, Louis XVI was executed by guillotine for treason
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This new regime faced a lot of challenges. Radicals were against the government, the royalists wanted to restor the Bourbon dynasty and the Second Coalition (led by Britain) conquered part of France. In 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte created a consulate, and he became the ruler of France
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This established limited suffrage, and created the Directory, a group of 5 members who had the executive power. A Council, made up of 500 old men, had the legislative power.
