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Beginning of La Grande Noirceur
During the 1920s Many people from Quebec left the farms to work in industries.
When Great Depression hit Quebec in 1930 lead to rise of Union Nationale (Lead by Maurice Duplessis) -
Birth of French Nationalism
Duplessis blamed English speaking Canadian business owners were source of Quebec's problems
Duplessis stopped any federal government interference in Quebec's affairs. -
Richard Riots
French Hockey player Maurice Richard hits linesman during game and gets suspended for the rest of the season and play-offs.
Montreal fans protested that the suspension was too severe and caused an estimated of $100,000 -
Quiet Revolution
Jean Lesage comes in charg of Quebec
Quebec was ready for change and promised 2 things :
1. Improve economic and social standards of Quebec.
2.Greater recognition for all French speaking people
There was no war or violence -
Birth of FLQ
FLQ- Front de Liberation du Quebec
Terrorist group which formed in the name of a free Quebec.
Set bombs in mailboxes from 1963-1970 -
Royal Commission on Bilingual and Multiculturalism
Canada should become a bilingual country
develop national strategy to promote both languages -
Birth of Separatism
Idea of Quebec being a new independent country was only solution to their problems. -
Visit of Charles de Gaulle
French President visits Quebec for Expo 67 and says Quebec feels the same way French felt when they were liberated by the Nazi. Increases desire of separation -
Official Language Act
Government passes the Official Language Act which makes Canada official 2 languages French and English. All services are to be in both languages -
James Cross Kidnapping
Beginning of October Crisis
James Cross is kidnapped from his house
For release demand:
-Release of political prisoners.
-Transportation to Cuba or Algeria
-$500,000 in gold bars. -
Kidnap of Pierre Laport
Four men kidnap him from his house in Quebec
Important politics are relocated and protected by armed security
Body was found dead in trunk of a car in Montreal -
Release of James Cross
Agreement is reached and Cross is released in the Expo 67 site and kidnappers were flown to Cuba -
Bill 22
To protect French culture
French was proclaimed official language of Quebec
Immigrant kids only had right to English education if they passed English test. -
Bill 101
French was to be used in Government, court and business
Business can only display commercial signs in French.
French official language of workplace -
Night Of Long Knives
That night, Trudeau went home and the premiers retired to their rooms in Ottawas Chateau Laurier Hotel, except Levesque, who was staying across the river in Hull.
Many unplanned meetings happened at the Chateau Laurier without Levesque -
Night of Long Knives Pt2
Lévesque, was not informed of the unfolding events. When he arrived for a premiers breakfast the next morning, he found that a new deal had been drafted during the night.
He felt betrayed -
Canadian Constitution
Queen Elizabeth II came to Ottawa to proclaim the new Constitution Act for Canada.
