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World War One Conscription Crisis
Many french speaking citizens were angry or upset with the Military service act. Many french citizens felt they were forced to fight in a distant war that has no connection or importance to them. Also, many french citizens were angry because French language rights had been lost outside of quebec schools. Eventually violent riots would break out in Quebec against conscription. -
Creation of the Union Nationale Party
The Union Nationale was a pure Quebec political party. The part was very nationalistic, seeing Quebec more of a it’s own country rather than a province. -
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Duplesis Era 36-39
Duplessis was a Quebec Nationalist that controlled Quebec with his Union Nationale party. The party relied heavily on the support of the Roman catholic church. The Union Nationale was a nationalist party. Duplessis placed the blame of Quebec’s financial problems on the english minority in Quebec. -
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World War Two Conscription Crisis
When WWII began King promised there would be no conscription. As the war progressed it became clear that there would be a need for soldiers to liberate Europe. As in the first WW Quebec didn’t have any interest in fighting overseas for a war that didn’t directly affect Canada. Quebec was the only province that didn’t have a “yes” majority. Further straining relations. Riots broke out in Quebec to protest kings decision. Also straining relations. -
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The Great Darkness
Duplessis abandoned his promise for reform. Duplessis changed the quebec flag to a traditional french flag with the fleur de-lys. Duplessis reign become filled with bribery and corruption. -
Front de Liberation du Quebec LQ part is formed
It was an french extremist terrorist group that aimed for independence. Le front de libération Québec. They blew up mailboxes and attacked English-Canadian power in Quebec. Many Quebecois supported the goal just not the means. -
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Quiet revolution begins
Duplessis died and liberals came to power with the slogan “time for a change” and in 62 “Masters in our own household”. The liberals planned to take control of Quebec’s economy, which was previously controlled by the English minority. -
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1960s Separatist Movement
Many quebecois were angered over perceived injustices by the english-canadians. Many came to the conclusion that the only solution was in a Quebec controlled entirely by Quebec. A new political party was formed Parti Quebecois (PQ). The minister of PQ believed that Quebec and the rest of Canada would do better to divorce then stay in an unworkable “Marriage”. -
Bi Bi Commision
Pearson appointed a commission to find a way to help the french feel more at home in Canada, the commission was to find a solution. The report called for Canada to become bilingual, adopting French and English as its national languages. As well as to promote both languages across the nation and protect either linguistic minority. -
Canadas New Flag 1965
French Canadians wanted a new flag that was different than the Red Ensign, and for many Canadians the Red Ensign was too British and didn’t represent modern Canada. Canada was split into an emotional debate. Eventually it was settled that the red and white maple leaf flag would be the new flag. Quebecois still mainly flew the fleur-de-lys because of the bitter debate. -
Canadas Immigration Policy becomes colour blind
Immigration became “colour blind”. Allowed people in based on their fluency to French or English. -
Trudeau becomes Prime Minister
Trudeau was determined to change the minds of the Quebecois and convince them their future lay with Canada. Trudeau did a lot for this to happen, he passed the official language act, made all federal agencies to provide services in both languages and he made younger generations of both cultures understand more about the other. -
Official Language Act
Trudeau passed the official languages act in 1969. The act officially made Canada a bilingual nation. Which added french emersion schools among others. The problem with this was many westerners thought that Ottawa was more concerned with Quebec then their problems and many english speaking Canadians thought that the governemnt was forcing French on them. The Francophones in Quebec were unimpressed, they wanted a special status. -
War Measures Act
During the october crisis Trudeau enacted the war measures act which suspends the civil rights of Canadians. This was the first time the act had been used outside of war. Hundreds of separatists were held without charge during the crisis. Imposition of the act was fiercely criticized. -
October Crisis
FLQ kidnapped a British diplomat and the labour minister. In response trudeau enacted the wartime measures act. Federal troops patrolled the streets of Ottawa and Montreal and armouries across the country were locked down. Hundreds of separatists were detained. Police found the body of the labour minister in the trunk of a car. More pressure was placed to crack down the FLQ. After 60 days of captivity police located Cross and his captors negotiated safe access to Cuba in return for Cross. -
Policy of Multiculturalism
Trudeau announced multiculturalism as an official government policy. Multiculturalism was intended to preserve the cultural freedom of all individuals and provide recognition of the cultural contributions of diverse ethnic groups to Canadian society. It was more symbolic than an actuall policy. Quebec actually opposed the policy. -
Bill 22 Introduced by Robert Bourassa
Bourassa passed a legislation that made French the sole official language of Quebec. The language of civic administration, services and of the workplace. This forced many people who were not so proficient at French to move out of the province. This angered many anglophones at the loss of their language right. Many Francophones didn’t think Bourassa and the liberals went far enough. -
1976 Parti Quebecois wins Provincial election on Quebec
The PQ won the election of Quebec which was shocking considering they only won Seven seats in the 1970 election. A big goal of theirs was the strengthen the French Language. Government employees had to work in French, and children of immigrants had to attend French schools. Quebecs Birth rate was falling and many immigrants were educating their kids in English. Non-Quebecois Canadians felt like the BQ was extreme and turned to the Federal government for help. -
1976 Immigration policy moves to ‘sponsorship program’
In 1976, a team made up of the senate and the House of Commons prepared a report proposing new policies for the Immigration act. A huge change in this was that immigration regulations changed to allow immigration of family members with relatives already residing in Canada. This allowed foreigners to immigrate to Canada much easier. -
1976 Bill 101 introduced by Parti Quebecois, Rene Levsque
Government employees had to work in French, and children of immigrants had to attend French schools. Quebecs Birth rate was falling and many immigrants were educating their kids in English. Non-Quebecois Canadians felt like the BQ was extreme and turned to the Federal government for help. -
1977 Bill 101 passed
The Bill 101 was a 1977 law in the province of Quebec in Canada defining French, the language of the majority of the population, as the official language of the provincial government. Passing was huge for Quebec and the goals they set out to achieve. -
1980 referendum on sovereignty association (include the results of the referendum)
The referendum in 1980 was the plan of the government's plans for sovereignty-association. In this referendum, the government asked the people of Québec to give it a mandate to “negotiate a new constitutional agreement with the rest of Canada, based on the equality of nations. The results of this were that the referendum was followed by constitutional negotiations which left a huge mark on the Political scene for the long term. -
1982 Patriation of the Constitution
This was when Canada patrized its constitution by transferring the British North America act from the hands of the British parliament to Canada’s Federal and Provincial legislatures. -
1982 Constitution act
One of the biggest landmarks and achievements in Canada was the 1982 Constitution act. IT transferred the charter rights and Freedoms act to the constitution without requiring approval from the British. They essentially made their own Charter without the British. -
Brian Mulroney becomes PM
In 1984 Brian Mulroney had a nearly flawless campaign for PM in which he won 211 seats. He had always emphasized on the importance of Quebec, which was a huge part of his campaign and votes. He pledged to Bring Quebec to the constitution. -
Bloc Quebecois formed 1987
In 1987 the bloc Quebecois was formed with the goal of promoting sovereignty at a federal level. It was made up of progressive Conservatives and liberals from the parliament of Quebec. -
Meech lake accord 1987
This was a series of proposed amendments to Canada's Constitution negotiated by PM Brian Mulroney. The Accord was to make Quebec recognized as a distinct society, and provincial powers in regards to immigration were increased. -
1987 reform party created
Founded by Joseph harper in 1987, the Reform party was a political party with a conservative mindset. The part was made mostly to voice western economic and constitutional concerns. Its platform included free trade and direct democracy. -
1988 Department of Multiculturalism formed
The federal Government established the department of Multiculturalism and citizenship to promote multiculturalism in all areas of government policies. Canadians views were mixed on this department. Many believed it promoted unity, made all ethnic groups to feel welcome here and overall was good for the Development of Canada. Opponents believed that it was bad for the unity of Canada and the government should not provide financial support to groups to foreign cultural groups in Canada. -
1992 Charlottetown Accord
Although ultimately resulting in failure, the Charlottetown Accord was an attempt by the federal government and all 10 provinces to amend the Canadian Constitution. This was to obtain quebecs consent to the Constitution act. Ultimately it was rejected by the Canadian voters. -
1994 Parti Quebecois returned to power
In quebecs general election of 1994, Quebec won with 77 seats and nearly 50% of the votes. Them coming back in power meant that Quebec would have even more of a chance in becoming its own society which was their ultimate goal. -
2nd Referendum on Sovereignty Association
In 1995, the referendum was made in Quebec to ask voters in the Quebec which is a Canadian-French speaking province whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty. They also wanted to know if they should still be an independent country. -
1998 Clarity Bill and the Supreme Court decision
This bill referred to finalizing if Quebecs actions are legal and clarity on what they want to do. Does international law give Quebec the right to effect the secession of Quebec from Canada unilaterally was the main topic discussed in the Clarity Bill. The Supreme Court concluded that the National Assembly of Quebec does not have the right to do so.
