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Quiet Revolution
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Leader of Quebec Dies
Maurice Duplessis was the leader of Quebec form 1933-1959 when he suddenly died. He ran the country in a traditional way and when there was time for a new leader things changed quickly. Jean Lesage became the new leader and wanted to run the city in a more modern way. His goals were to modernize Quebec, ensure survival of the French language, have full equality in Canada, and place Quebec's economy in younger hands. -
Quiet Revolution Begins
Time for Change With the passing of the old leader Maurice Duplessis, Jean Leage took over. Duplessis used to run Quebec in a very traditional way. When he died Lesage decided to take a different approach. His main goal was to modernize Quebec. This was the start to the creation of a new Quebec. -
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French-English, Canada/America Relations
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A Time of Change
The Quiet Revolition was a big time for Quebec. It was the start of someting new. Things were changing so quickly. The reason that this period of time was called The Quiet Revolition is because Quebec experienced quick change that was also very passive. The slogan they used during The Quiet Revolition was "Maintenant ou Jamais. Maitres Chez Nous" This meant "Now or Never. It's Time for Change" -
Front du Liberation du Quebec (FLQ Part 1)
FLQ ManefestoAlso known as the FLQ was formed in 1963. This organizaiton was a terrorist organization for violent methods. This organization was a group of people who were pushing towards seperating Quebec and making it independant. They approach this by using violence. Their intentions were to not kill people just to create fear so that change could be made. Their main goals were to harm English based organizations or things that the Britsh owned in Quebec. They wanted to loosen British hold on Quebec. -
First FLQ Attack ( FLQ Part 2)
The first group of people in this organization were people who wished for faster action. They were originally called Resistance Network but eventually formed the FLQ. The first FLQ attack was March 7, 1963. They bombed a railway, stopping Prime Minister of Canada John Diefenbaker from travelling. They eventually got arrested and sentenced to 12 years in prison on June 1st 1963. -
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Front du Liberation du Quebec
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Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (Part 1)
Also known as the Bi and Bi Commission and the Laurendeau-Dunton Commission. It was a Canadian Royal Commission. Established by the Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson. Goal was to look into and report on the existing state of bilingualism and biculturalism in Canada, recommend what steps they needed to take to create the Canadian Confederation, create a partnership between the 2 races. -
Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (Part 2)
André Laurendeau who published Le Devoir and David Dunton who was the President of Carleton University chaired this commission. 10 commissioners representing from all the provinces were also involved. The most important goal for this commission was to make Canada an officially bilingual nation. This lead to the Official Languages Act in 1969. -
Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (Part 3)
Some things that happened due to this commission was that Ontario and New Brunswick became officially bilingual, bilingual districts were placed all over Canada, parents could send their children to schools with language of their choice, Ottawa became a bilingual city, and English and French were declared the 2 official languages of Canada. -
Quebec Liberation Army (FLQ Part 3)
A new group of 6 people started another FLQ. 2 of them were brothers of individuals who got arrested for the first attack. They called themselves “Quebec Liberation Army” and they stole approximately $100,000 in goods and money. This happened over a period form September 26, 1963 until April 9, 1964. -
Revolutionary Army of Quebec (Part 4)
A larger group of revolutionaries was formed to become the Revolutionary Army of Quebec. They wanted to focus on training. Unfortunately during a robbery on August 29, 1964 2 people were killed. 5 members of this group were sent to prison for life for this crime and a number of others were arrested as well. -
Automotive Products Agreement
Also known as the Auto Pact of APTA. This was an important agreement between Canada and the United States. This agreement removed tariffs on cars, trucks, buses, tires, and automotive parts. The pact caused a very large and immediate change. In 1964 only 7% of vehicles made in Canada were sent south of the border. But by 1968 they sent 60%. • 40% of cars purchased in Canada at this time were made in the US. Canada and the US were much closer with regards to the Automotive Industry. -
Popular Liberation Movement and the FLQ ( FLQ Part 4)
This group joined with the FLQ in July 1965. This new group robbed a New Democratic Party office and a radio stations supplies. This group in particular started using lot's more explosives. An FLQ member was killed by his own explosive during the bombing of the famous shoe factory Lagrenade. By Augsust 1966 the RCMP had arrested many FLQ members. In 1968 a new FLQ group was formed and they used around 52 bombs within 1 year. Various members ot this group were arrested by May 2, 1969. -
A New Quebec Is Born
The Quiet Revolution lasted 6 years and finished with a new Quebec being born. Jean Lesage was in power during these 6 years and Quebec had seen much change. There was a: decrease in political and social influences from churches, modernized education, medical services under control of government, more protection for workers and unions, equality of men and women, voting age from 21 down to 18, provincial pension plan put into place and Hydro Quebec expanded. The Revolition changed Quebec forever. -
President De Gaulle’s Visits Quebec (Part 1)
De Gaulle's SpeechCharles De Gaulle visited Quebec to celebrate its centennial with a world fair in Montreal, also known as Expo 67. The Quebec Premier Daniel Johnson invited him. Before he arrived the government was worried about De Gaulle’s arrival because they knew De Gaulle would interfere with France domestic affairs. De Gaulle did not arrive in the capital city of Canada Ottawa instead he sailed into the capital of Quebec, Quebec City. -
President De Gaulle’s Visits Quebec (Part 2)
In Quebec he read a speech that spoke of his country and Quebec’s and how they are both evolving together. He was hinting at the support of Quebec and separatism. In his speech he chanted, “Long live Free Quebec!” Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson stated that Quebec did not need to be liberated. His speech caused much offence to most English Canadians, and led to the diplomatic separation between the 2 countries. -
PQ Formed
Rene Levesque InterviewIn 1968 The Parti Quebecois was founded by Rene Levesque and his mouvement Souverainteté Association (MSA) and the Ralliement National. The PQ’s primary goals were to obtain political, economic and social independence for Quebec. In the 1976 provincial election, Parti Québéquois was elected to be the new government of Quebec. The leader René Lévesque became the Premier of Quebec.
One of their accomplishements was being the first government to recognize the rights of Aboriginal People. -
Various Attacks of Quebec (FLQ Part 5)
On February 13th 1969 the FLQ bombed the Montreal Stock Exchange which caused huge damage and injured 27 people. Later, on September 28, 1969, they bombed the home of the Mayor Jean Drapeau. Police found out that the bomb was placed in the toilet so no one could find it. Also during this time Quebec had many riots going on, including one against McGill University, The RCMP had intercepted many of the FLQ riot plans and managed to prevent a lot of damage. -
Official Language Act
This is a Canadian Law first enforced in 1969. It gives English and French equal status in the government of Canada. This act made English and French the “official” languages of Canada. It is also the legislative keystone of Canada’s Official Bilingualism. It was changed in 1988. The act provided: Canadians to have the right to receive services from federal departments and form Crown Corporations in both languages, they will be heard by federal courts with laws in both. They will be equal. -
FLQ Terminated (FLQ Part 8)
FLQ's History The FLQ's disapearance was caused by the effect the police had on the organization and the loss of public support. All this happened after the October Crisis. After the formation of the Parti Quebecois, more and more people started to put their support in the PQ instead of the FLQ. On the first anniversay of the October Crisis in 1971, 4 memebers of the FLQ were arrested and charged. The police were still finding memebers of the FLQ through the 70's and the begining of the 80's. -
October Crisis 2 ( FLQ Part 6)
By December 29, 1970 police had arrested 453 people related or involved with the FLQ affairs. Many were released right away others stayed for 21 days. Out of the 453, 435 were released without being charged. On December 13, 1970 Pierre Vallieres declaired the termination of the FLQ. He also suggested for people not to use terrorism as means for political reform but instead use standard politcal action The events of the October Crisis lead to Quebec's Indepenence, and formation of the PQ. -
October Crisis 1 (FLQ Part 6)
FLQ BroadcastOn October 5, 1970 members of the FLQ kidnapped the British Trade Commisisoner and on October 10 the Minister of Labour and Vice-Premier of Quebec was kidnapped. He was quickly killed for not meeting the demands the FLQ asked for. On October 15 more then 3,000 people attended a rally in favour of the FLQ. On th 17th the FLQ released a list of demands including: releasing 23 FLQ prisoners, $500,000 in gold, other prisoners to be taken to Montreal and not harmed, etc. -
War Measures act (FLQ Part 7)
After the kidnapping of James Cross and Pierre Laporte the government needed to do something about all the FLQ attacks. They invoked the War Measures Act on October 16, 1970. This was done so that police had more power in arrest and detention, in order to find and stop the FLQ members. While the War Measures Act was in force, 465 people were arrested and held without charge.There was a large amount of concern about the Act being used because it had been the only time used during peace time.
