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Period: to
French and Indian War (Seven Years' War)
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The French Built Fort Duquesne:
This French fort was built where the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers form the Ohio River. The location of the fort at that time is where Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is today. At the beginning of the war the British began to build their own fort here, but then Fort Duquesne was built after the French captured the site location. The fort was burned down in 1758 by the French in their retreat from the British. -
Battle of Fort Necessity:
There was a report on July 1st of the issue in which 600 French and 100 Indians were moving toward Washington from Fort Duquesne. Leader Captain de Villiers was hungry for victory. On the third the French arrived at the fort, and brought along with them the treacherous rains that lasted throughout the battle and made unbearable conditions. Casualties piled up. After negotiating on the second day, Washington had surrendered and put an end to everyone’s misery. -
Albany Plan of Union:
The goal of the plan was to place the British North American colonies under more of a centralized government. Seven of the British North American colonies adopted this plan on the 10th of July. Although this plan was created in hopes of accomplishing it’s desired goals, it was never carried out. It planned for the colonies to all unite as one whole, sharing one government. With the French and Indian war nearing, cooperartion was imperative. -
William Pitt becomes British Prime Minister:
William Pitt served his reign of being the British Prime Minister for a short two years. His powerful figure dominated British politics in mid eighteenth century. His beliefs and incentives were very popular amongst the British people. Many believe his time as the Prime Minister reached beyond the success of the Duke of Devonshire and Lord Newcastle. His combination of being a strong speaker and him having powerful views, led him to create the British empire, greatly benefiting many. -
Battle of Fort Duquesne:
The French’s victory on this battle displayed their physical efforts as well their mental determination. James Grant and George Washington led the British, but their planning and tactics did not lead to success.There was a result of 104 casualties, 220 men wounded, and eighteen men captured.The French were extremely fortunate to have only lost a few men.The French survived the initial British attack, and remained there until the garrison took fire. The British and Americans renamed it Fort Pitt. -
Battle of Quebec
The French forces under the control of Louis-Joseph de Montcalm in Quebec were belligerently attacked on the Plains of Abraham (named after the farmer who owned the land) by the British, lead by General James Wolfe. The British victorious with a surprise attack had scaled the cliffs over the city. This helped the British to then completely take over the thirteen colonies and Canada. -
Treaty of Paris
Signed by Great Britain, France, and Spain, this document ended the Seven Years’ War /French and Indian War. France lost Canada, the Ohio Country, and territory east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain, Spain gave up Cuba to gain Florida from the British, Spain also gained New Orleans and Louisiana.This treaty allowed the colonists to trust the British for they eliminated the French's chance to take over the colonies. Great Britain and the French finally found peace. -
George Grenville becomes British Prime Minister-
George Grenville brother in law of William Pitt entered Parliament in 1741 as a member for Buckingham. He was the First Lord of the Treasury, Leader of the House of Commons, the Secretary of State for the Northern Department, the First Lord of the Admiralty then as Lord Bout resigned Grenville became Prime Minister. He prosecuted John Wilkes for The North Briton and enforced the Stamp Act in February 1765 to win over Britain. When resigning Charles Watson-Wentworth/ Rockingham took his place. -
Pontiac’s Rebellion
The Native Americans in Ohio feared the colonists would come and take over their lands forcing the natives westward .In effort to prevent these actions from taking place the Pontiacs from the Ottawa natives made alliances. On May 7, 1763 eight British forts were ransacked and many colonists were murdered and captured because of the offensive policies of British General Jeffrey Amherst. That was why the Proclamation of 1763 was created. -
British Parliament passes the Proclamation of 1763
Issued by the British desperate for peace with the Native Americans, October 7, 1763, by King George III ruled that the British colonists could not live West of the Appalachian Mountains.The proclamation infuriated colonists because they wanted to move into the Ohio Country which the French and British fought in the Seven Years’ War for all that time. Some colonists believed the British were not aware of the New World and that that was a cause of the American Revolution. -
Parliament passes the Sugar Act
A British law passed to raise revenue in the 13 colonies which set a tax on sugar and molasses which was imported into the colonies and impacted British Manufacturers. It reduced the taxation on molasses from sixpence to threepence. This Act mainly revolved around the idea of Rum which consisted of sugar and molasses. The British were using the money to provide security for the colonies but ironically all they wanted to do was to sell their own goods at their own prices.
