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Sharecropping/Tenant Farming
Sharecropping is a form of farming, where the land owner lets a tenant have some of the crops that they're working for. After slaves were freed plantation owners took advantage of this, and still had slaves as workers -
13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment was added 8 months after the civil war ended. This Amendment made President Lincoln's orders in the Emancipation Proclamation official, meaning all men (slaves) were free.This is important, because it's what started the civil rights movement. -
14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment declared that all persons born in the US are citizens, regardless of race, and their rights were protected by due process of law. All of the Southern states had to sign off on this, before they were allowed back into the U.S. This was important to the civil rights movement, because it made all slaves citizens with rights. -
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment allowed African-American men the right to vote. Even though black men had the right to vote, black codes prevented them from voting. Even though this didn't come into play until farther in history it's still very important to the civil rights movement, because they were now allowed to be heard. -
Black Codes
Black Codes were local laws to help "control" black people in the South. These laws were extremely unfair. Black codes purpose was to not allow African-American men to vote, even though their 15th Amendment right said they could. Black codes promoted no voting, restricted freedom, and wanted debt and low wages. -
Lynching
Lynching was a violent act known as "justice killing," for someone who seems "guilty" of a crime. After the Civil War, lynching was normally hanging, became a way to control the black population. Lynchings could happened from a small "crime" like looking a white person in the eye, or theft. -
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow laws came from the expression "Jim Crow" which meant negro. This were laws of segregation that were different depending on state, after the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were passed. This laws slowed down the civil-rights movement. -
Plessy v Ferguson
Howard Plessy was a victim to Jim Crow Laws, he was forced to sit in a colored train car, and thought it violates his constitutional rights. His case made it all the way up to the Supreme Court, where they ruled "separate but equal" making segregation legal. This was significant to the civil rights act, because it slowed it down making segregation legal. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment gave women in America the right to vote. This was a huge step forward for women's rights, because they were now able to voice their opinions. -
20th Amendment
The 20th Amendment states when people in federal government term ends. It also clarifies who becomes president if the president dies. It also says that Congress should meet at least once a year. -
Federal Housing Authority
The FHA purpose was to provide mortgage insurance on loans by approved lenders for families buying houses. This was made for people who don't have a high income and can't make a large down payment. The FHA wanted lenders and banks to have certain regulations when giving out loans. -
Hector P. Garcia
Hector was a Mexican-American doctor, World War II veteran, and a civil rights activist. He also founded the American G.I. Forum which helped the rights of Hispanic Americans. He was the first Mexican-American to be on the U.S. Civil Rights Commission. -
Non-Violent protests
Non-violent protests were common during the civil-rights movement. People like Martin Luther King Jr. advocated for non-violent protests, thinking it was the most efficient way to reach change. Non-violent protests were things like sit-ins and marches. -
Brown v Board
In 1954 Oliver Brown was a parent of an African-American child who was trying to go to a white school. He believed this violated the equal protection clause and 14th Amendment. When taken to the supreme court it was unanimously agreed that segregation in schools was illegal. This is significant, because it started up integration, which influenced to civil rights movement. -
Desegregation
The act of ending racial separating. This started with Brown V Board of Education when school were integrated. Desegregation was the goal of the Civil Rights Movement. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks is known as "the first lady of civil rights." She mostly known for her refusal to give up her seat to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama. This act lead up to the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which hugely impacted the Civil Rights Movement. Rosa Parks is very significant, because she influenced people to stand up for what is right. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott started 4 days after Rosa Parks, decided to not give up her seat on the bus to a white man. This was a 381 day protest where African-Americans refused to ride the bus, this put the segregated cities in debt. The Supreme Court ruled that Montgomery had to integrate their buses. This is a significant event, because it showed how peaceful protests help progress the nation. -
Orval Faubus
He was the 36th governor of Arkansas, which was a very racist segregated state. After Brown v Board, segregated schools were no longer allowed, however Orval Faubus didn't agree and did everything in his power to keep them segregated. In 1957 he ordered Arkansas National Guard to black kids out of the white schools. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was the first civil rights legislature, it related to voting. This Act was to show support for integration, after the Brown V Board court case. This act was significant, because it showed government support for racial issues, giving discriminated people hope. -
Sit-Ins
A sit-in is a way to peacefully protest, by sitting in a location and not leaving until there is change. One of the most famous civil rights sit-in was in Greensbro, North Carolina, where college students were protesting a segregated restaurant. This lead to over 300 people sitting in, until the owner agreed to follow the law. -
Affirmative Action
The Affirmative Action is a set of guidelines and goals to help end discrimination in the U.S. The action discussed discriminations that are currently happened or in the person's past that affect them. The action talks about specific government programs and support for minorities and women. -
Civil Disobedience
Civil Disobedience is the active protest of government laws and demands. Being civilly disobedient is normally peaceful. During the civil rights movement examples of civil disobedience were sit-ins and marches. -
Cesar Chavez
Chavez was a latino american civil rights activist. He was an American labor leader, and co-founded the National Farm Workers Association. He urged Mexican-Americans to vote so they had a voice. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was a baptist minister and a Civil Rights activist. He became the leader for the Civil Rights movement, where he is famous for activating change with peace. He led the Montgomery bus boycott, and is most famous for his "I Have a Dream," speech, he also won a Nobel Peace Prize. Martin was assassinated by racist man named James Earl Ray. He's significant, because he was an advocate for change and peace. -
George Wallace
George Wallace was the Governor of Alabama. He ran for president 4 times and lost. He was a HUGE advocate for segregation. -
Betty Friedan
Betty Friedan helped advance the women's rights movement. She was one of the founders of the National Organization for Women. She advocated for more women to vote and try to be involved in politics. She wrote the Feminine Mystique. -
24th Amendment
The 24th Amendment prevents Congress and the states from requiring a poll tax before a person can vote. This was important, because the poll tax was high and it prevented poor African-Americans in the South from voting. This act helped the 15th Amendment go into action. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
JFK introduced this Act, which abolished racial religious, and sex discrimination by employers. People couldn't be fired for any of those reasons or denied the job for those reasons. -
Upward Bound
Upward Bound was created to help people prepare for college. It helps highsschool students with low income families. It was created when the War of Poverty wss creates. -
Veteran Rights Act of 1965
President Johnson said, "all Americans must have the privileges of citizenship regardless of race." This bill outlawed literacy test, poll tax, and allowed African-American men to vote. After this Act there was a lot of more African-American voters and men in office. -
Head Start
Head Start was created to help children with disadvantages. President Johnson declared war on poverty, and wanted kids in schools no matter on origin to succeed physically, mentally, and emotionally. He wanted communities to help pre-school students with disadvantages. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was an associate justice on the Supreme Court, and the first African-American on the Supreme Court. He was on the Supreme Court 1967-1993. He graduated from Howard University of Law, and founded the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Funds. Thurgood is significant, because he was the first African-American on the Supreme Court which is monumental, but also helped with racially targeted cases, progressing America. -
Lester Maddox
Lester Maddox owned a restaurant after segregation was stated illegal, and he refused to serve black people. He ran for Governor of Georgia, even though he had never been in office. He advocated for segregation, and had a lot of support from the KKK. -
26th Amendment
The 26th Amendment gives every one 18 years or older the right to vote. People wanted the voting age to lower from 21 to 18, because young men could fight for their country but not vote. This amendment changed a part of the 14th Amendment. -
Title IX
Title IX refers to womens rights in education. It says no woman should be denied rights of education or federal assistance. Title IX also addresses sexual violence and harassment in schools and how it should be addressed.
