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Black Codes
The Black Codes restricted African Americans, telling what they can and can not do. It limited freedom of employment, freedom of movement, right to own land, freedom to testify in court. The Black Codes outlawed the 14 amendment. African Americans where living in a low labor economy. -
Sharecropping/ Tenant Farming
After the civil war slaves became free, making the southern plantation owners struggle with finding people to work their land that slaves used to work on. The owners would then take former slaves making arrangements called sharecropping and tenant farming. Sharecropping came in to place when congress passed laws to help improve conditions for the workers. -
13 Amendment
On December 6 the constitution officially abolished slavery in America. This happened after the American civil war. The Whites do not own the African Americans any longer. -
14 Amendment
The 14th amendment allows all citizens to have equal rights regardless of what race they are. If you were born or naturalized in the United States you are a citizen. These rights were protected by due process of the law. -
Lynching
lynching was when someone was guilty of a crime without a trail or even proven guilty. This was when someone would kill another without proof. After the civil war had end, they used lynching in a way to control blacks. -
15 Amendment
The 15 amendment allowed African Americans men the right to vote. All citizens have the right to vote. This did not stop test from happening, they would have to pass the test to vote. -
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow Laws were put in place to separate African Americans and whites. This made them socially and politically separated. The African Americans facilities were treated bad. They had different bathrooms, schools, and restaurants. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
Plessy refused to sit in Jim Crow’s car, baking the law. Supreme court upheld separate but equal doctrine at the time. Plessy then argues that his rights were violated. -
19th Amendment
This Amendment granted American women the right to vote. Men and women did not share all the same rights.The demand for the vote became a centerpiece of the women's rights movement. -
Civil Disobedience
Civil Disobedience is to disobey unjust laws. This is a refusal to agree with certain laws like paying taxes or fines. Gandhi lead civil disobedience to march to the sea in protesting to the British monopoly on salt. -
20th Amendment
This amendment sets the dates at which federal government elected offices end. It also defines who succeeds the president if the president dies. These dates effect after an election year and toward the end of a term. -
Federal Housing Authority
This helped low and moderate income families have better housing that is available to them. The FHA charges frees to provide lenders with full loan-loss coverage on mortgages. This helps the people not have a bad credit being able to won a house. -
Cesar Chavez
Cesar Chavez dedicated his life to improving farming conditions. He knew all to well about the hardships farm workers faced. His family worked as farm laborers trying to improve their pay, making farm life better. -
Brown V. Ferguson
Brown and Plessy fright for african-american civil rights. Brown’s decision helped break the state segregation. This provided a spark to the american civil rights movement. -
Rosa Parks
She was arrested for not giving up her set violating the law. By refusing her set she helped Montgomery Bus Boycott launch nationwide trying to change segregation. Because of her braveness the law was changed and had more equal rights. -
Martin Luther King Jr
Martin starts a boycott group to refuse to take the bus. Martin was a Baptist minister. As Martin was leading the boycott he was the most important voice of the American civil rights movement. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
This is when African Americans protested segregation seating. Four days before the boycott happened Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat. This was the first large demonstration against segregation. -
Orval E. Faubus
This became the national symbol of segregation to stop black people from enrolling into white schools. He was known for using Arkansas national Guard to stop African Americans from attending Little Rock Central High School as part of federally ordered racial desegregation. He was against blacks. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Civil Rights Bill aimed to ensure that all African Americans could exercise their right to vote. They wanted to win the Blacks vote for variety of reasons. It was passed by the United States Congress and was the first federal civil rights legislation. -
Sit-ins
The Sit-in movement is when african Americans would sit in a white only restaurant and sit quietly waiting to be served. Over 1,500 blacks who participate were arrested. Slowly, the restaurants throughout the South began to abandon their policies of segregation. -
Thurgood marshall
Marshall traveled throughout raising the constitutional law. He makes 112 rulings, then later upheld by supreme court. Wins Browns education case, for no segregation in America. -
Affirmative Action
Affirmative Action was to ensure that applicants are employed. That employees are treated during employment without regard to their race. Everyone had Equal employment opportunity no matter you where poor or rich, making employment practices free of racial bias. -
Nonviolent Protest
The Non-violent group tried to stop bus boycotts, freedom rides, sit-ins, marches, and mass demonstrations, during the Civil Rights Movement. Non-violence believed it's unnecessary to hurt people to get the outcome they want, instead do it based on morals, religious or spiritual principles. Non-violent's is the practice of achieving goals such as a social change but without violence. -
George Wallace
George was a American politician and 45th governor of Alabama. He served two not in order terms and to in order terms as a democrat. He was also in a presidential election as a candidate of the American Independent Party. He promised and promoted segregation forever. -
desegregation
Before Brown v Board of education, desegregation was a long focus for the civil rights movement. This lead to the massive resistance movement in Virginia. National Guard troops forced Alabama's school to desegregate. -
24 Amendment
This Amendment gave the right for all US citizens able to vote without having to pay their poll taxes. Before this Amendment passed they had to pay all their taxes and pay to vote. Now if your poor or rich you are both able to vote, making voting equal. -
Civil Right Act of 1964
This ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, and religion. It is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the Civil Rights Movement. Brought equality to African Americans, such as voting rights act of 1965. -
Lester Maddox
Lester served as a governor for four years, then elected lieutenant government. He also refused to serve African American customers in his Atlanta restaurant. He would shun and became a violent racist. -
Veteran Rights Act of 1965
This was to overcome legal barriers at the state that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote. This protects the right to vote for non-english speaking American citizen. They banned the use of literacy tests, for blacks will be able to vote. -
Upward Bound
Upward Bound is to increase their education. This program is for high schoolers with a low-income or who's parents don't hold a bachelor's degree. This provide opportunities for teens to help them succeed in their pre-college and get higher education. -
Betty Friedan
She co-founded Nation Organization of Women (NOW), serving as first president. She encouraged women to seek new opportunities for themselves. She also was an Icon in the women's rights movement, she became a force to change. -
Hector P Garcia
Hector was the first Mexican-American member of the U.S. Civil Rights Commission. He was also awarded the Medal of Freedom. Formed a GI Forum, a civil-rights organization to secure their equal rights for Hispanic Americans. -
26 Amendment
This Amendment allowed citizens who's are 18 be able to vote without the government denying them. This prevented the government from denying the ability to vote based on what age they are. At age 18 guys where fighting in the war and couldn't vote, they said if your old enough to fight in the war, then your old enough to vote. -
Title IX (9)
This Title IX is to avoid the use of federal money to support sex discrimination in education programs. This protects people from the discrimination based on sex in education programs. Providing individuals with protection against those practices. -
Head Start
Lyndon B Johnson created Head Stat a program for low-income families. This program helped meet the emotional, social, health, nutritional, and psychological need of pre-school kids. Head start is helped to brake the cycle of poverty.
