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13th Amendment
The thirteenth amendment states that “neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the united states, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. -
Black Codes
They were very similar to jim crow laws. These restricted african americans freedoms leading them to work jobs for extremely low wages. This was border line slavery. -
14th Amendment
The fourteenth amendment is one of the reconstruction amendments. It addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws. It was proposed in response to issues related to slavery. -
15th Amendment
“the right of citizens to vote shall not be denied”. Any race or gender was allowed to vote. The fifteenth amendments did not deny rights to anyone. -
Sharecropping
The practice of leasing land to poor ppl for high rates and demanding a portion of their harvest. This was a way of keeping slaves contained. The only person who made money here was the landowner. -
Jim Crow Law
Laws passed in the south to fight the supreme court supporting desegregation. These laws included segregation in public transport and businesses right to not serve people based on the color of their skin. This was the opposite of the laws passed in the north -
Lynching
Execution without a trial typically done to people of color. This was more common in the south. Also a popular activity for the kkk. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
A law case of the U.S. Supreme court that upheld racial segregation laws for public places. Under the doctrine of the "Separate but Equal". The decision was made by a vote 7 to 1. -
Hector p Garcia
He fought in world war 2, he was a civil rights activist and he also founded the american GI forum. One of the main advocates for mexican american rights. -
19th Amendment
The 19th amendment granted women the right to vote. Based on sex no one was denied the power to vote. This followed the women suffrage movement. -
20th Amendment
The 20th amendment is a simple amendment that set dates at which federal government elected offices end. It also says who will gain power if the president dies. -
Civil disobedience
public displays usually in the form of protest that are used to try and change social issues. This was the main form of protest used in the civil rights protest. A majority of civil disobedience during the civil rights movement was non-violent. The date is about ghandi. -
Federal Housing Authority
A united states government agency. It sets standards for construction and underwriting. It also insures loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building. The shortening for the name is FHA. -
Desegregation
Desegregation was the blending of cultures, post civil war. Up until this date white people were viewed as superior this date was the Brown v education which allowed people of all races to attend public schools. The term desegregation is a blanket term used by people fighting for equality. -
Brown V. Board
The U.S. Supreme court made its ruling on the Brown Vs. Bard of education hearing. The courts decision helped break the back of state sponsored see. The racial seg of children in public schools violates the fourteenth amendment, "separate but equal." -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Al and started the American Civil rights movement of the 20th century. She refused to give up her seat to a white man on a bus. After hearing this the leaders of the local black community organized a bus boycott. -
Nonviolent protest
Nonviolent protest is the act of protesting without causing an harm or threat to others. It's the act of getting your word out without a fight. For example if you were protesting and a policeman dragged you away you would lay limp and just let it happen. The date listed was when the bus boycott happened because that was an example of a nonviolent protest. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott, where African Americans refused to ride the city buses to place starting on Dec 5. This was viewed as he first large scale demonstration against set in the U.S. This boycott lasted a total of 4 days, and Rosa Parks was apart of the cause. -
Civil Rights Act
This act established the civil rights section of the justice department and empowered federal prosecutors obtain court injunctions against interference with the right to vote. -
Orville Faubus
Arkansas democratic governor became the national symbol of racial see when he used Arkansas national guardsmen to block the enrollment of nine black students. Led by Daisy Bates the nine students became the first black students at little rock high school to break the racial barriers. -
Sit ins
A new way of fighting racism was added. Four african American college students went up to a whites only lunch counter in North Carolina and asked for coffee. Once they were refused service they just sat there and said nothing. Despite all the threats they remained there. Therefore the Civil Rights sit in was born. -
Thurgood Marshall
Marshall was an attorney for the NAACP. He went throughout the U.S. representing many cases with racial justice. All his hard work earned him the name "Mr. Civil Rights." He fought 32 cases infront of the supreme court. Some cases included "Smith V. Allwright", "Shelly V. Kraemer", and "Brown V. Board." -
Affirmative action
Affirmative action is not being allowed to discriminate in the workplace. For example a job can't turn down a job to a person just because they are women. -
Cesar Chavez
Chavez founded the National Farm Workers association. He was a prominent union leader and labor worker. Chavez grew anger that came from his young life of picking cotton and grapes this resulted in him becoming a activist. -
George Wallace
Wallace is known for his pro segregation position during the mid 20th century period of the Civil Rights movement. He said he stood for "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever," he also stood infront of the University of Alabama in an attempt to stop the enrollment of black students. -
Betty Friedan
She was a women rights activist. A leading figure in the women's movement. She wrote a book called “the feminine Mystique”. Credited for the sparking of the second wave of american feminism in the 20th century. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. is most famously known for his "I have a dream speech." He was a civil rights activist during the march on Washington for jobs and freedom. In this speech he calls for an end of racism in the U.S., he also called for civil economic rights. -
Cvil Rights Act
This act ended segregation in public settings and banned
Employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. -
24th Amendment
The 24th amendment abolished the poll tax for all federal elections to african americans. Poll tax prevented african americans from having any power. -
Lester Madox
Madox said that "He would rather close his restaurant then serve African Americans." After this comment a group of black demonstrates came to the restaurant but did not enter when Madox informed them that he had a large number of black employees. A few months later more African Americans attempted to enter the restaurant. Maddox confronted the group with a bare axe handle. -
Veteran RIghts Act
The voting rights act was signed into law by president lyndon johnson. This aimed to overcome legal barriers. The barriers they were trying to overcome were the rights african americans to vote. -
Upward bound
A low income high school student program to help encourage them to go to college. The main group focus was family where neither parents had a college education. This program was suppose to lead to a smarter workforce. -
26th Amendment
The 26th amendment states that people of a certain age (18) will have the power to vote. The legislation will not deny them power or rights if they are of age. This amendment kinda goes hand in hand with 15th amendment. -
Title IX (9)
Title IX is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity. This is one of the education amendments. -
Head start
A program started by the government to help educate and nourish children in low income families. This helped the inner cities and poor rural areas. The concept behind it was seen as a way out for low income families.
