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Jan 1, 1400
Mictlantecuhtli and Quetzalcoatl,folio 56 of Borgia Codex
A rare surviving Mesoamerican book, the Mixteca-Puebla Borgia Codex, depicting the gods of life and death above an inverted skull symbolizing the Underworld.
Between 1400-1500
Puebla or Tlaxcala, Mexico
Mineral and vegetable oil pigment on deersking
10 5/8 x 10 2/8
Vatican, Rome
Gardner, Helen, and Fred S. Kleiner. "35. Native Arts of the Americas, 1300-1980." AP Gardner's Art Through the Ages: A Global History. 14th ed. Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2013. 1023-024. Print -
Jan 1, 1400
Head of Ife
This sculpture was found in Ife in Nigeria which was the religious and former royal centre of the Yoruba people. It is believed to represent an "Ooni" or a king. The realism and sophisticated craftsmanship of the objects challenged Western conceptions of African art at the time.
Brass Statue
Nigeria
1400-1500
"A History of the World: Ife Head, " accessed August 12, 2014, http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/Z1CgMudYTJWzpTi-TW1IAA' -
Jan 1, 1400
Large Bronze Figure of Parvati, Chola Artisans
Devi was born as the daughter of the King of the Mountain and became known as Parvati or Uma.The Chola artisans of South India (Tamil Nadu) gave classic form to the Great Goddess subject in their highly accomplished bronze sculpture. Parvati is shown here in an idealized state of womanhood which shows her voluptuous body that gives and nourishes life.
Bronze Statue
South India, Vijayanagar Period,
circa 1400
http://www.christies.com/ -
Jan 1, 1406
The Forbidden City, Architects: Nguyễn An, Cai Xin
The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace from the Ming dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty. It is located in the center of Beijing, China, and now houses the Palace Museum. For almost 500 years, it served as the home of emperors and their households, as well as the ceremonial and political center of Chinese government.
Peterson, Willard J. The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 7. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2002. Print -
Jan 1, 1410
Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, Limbourg Brothers
The most famous French Gothic manuscript illumination is a book of hours. It is a collection of prayers to be said at the canonical hours. It was created ca. 1412 for the extravagant royal patron John, Duke of Berry. The painters and their sponsor died in 1416, possibly victims of plague, and the manuscript was left unfinished.
Manion, Margaret. "Très Riches Heures. Book of Hours." The Dictionary of Art. By Jane Turner. Vol. 31. New York: Grove, 1996. 308-10. Print. -
Jan 1, 1428
Ca'd'Oro (Gold House)
The palace was built between 1428 and 1430 for the Contarini family, in Venice, Italy, The architects of the Ca d'Oro were Giovanni Bon and his son Bartolomeo Bon. In its prime, the Ca'd'Oro was given its name because of the gilt and polychrome exterior facade that once adorned its walls.
Goy, Richard J. The House of Gold: Building a Palace in Medieval Venice. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1992. Print -
Jan 1, 1432
The Ghent Altarpiece, Hubert van Eyck and Jan Van Eyck
The Ghent Altarpiece (also called the Adoration of the Mystic Lamb) is a very large polyptych panel painting. The altarpiece is composed of 12 panels, eight of which are hinged shutters. It was commissioned from Hubert van Eyck, who may have created the overall design, but died in 1426. His younger brother Jan van Eyck completed it between 1430–32.
Dimensions: 11' 6" x 15' 1" (3.5 m x 4.6 m)
Media: Tempera, Wood, Oil paint
www.getty.edu/foundation/.../panel_paintings_ghent.html -
Jan 1, 1433
Group of Knights Fresco from the Walls of the “Hall of Pisanello," Pisanello
The artist Pisanello painted a series of frescoes in 1433 depicting a tournament and other scenes, which were left unfinished. His commissioner, Gianfrancesco Gonzaga, is portrayed in the paintings. The frescoes were rediscovered and restored in the 1960s and 1970s.
Medium used unknown
http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/2387638#sel= -
Jan 1, 1433
L'Homme Au Turban Rouge or Portrait of a Man in a Red Turban, Jan Van Eyck
This painting often thought to be van Eyck himself. The costume is appropriate for a man of van Eyck's prominent social position. The bloodshot gaze is why many historians view the work is as a self-portrait and think that it also may be a calling card for prospective clients because of his detailed skill in lifelike painting.
Oil on panel
25.5 cm × 19 cm (10.0 in × 7.5 in)
National Gallery, London
Nash, Susie. Northern Renaissance Art. New York: Oxford UP, 2008. Print. -
Aug 4, 1433
The Hospices de Beaune or Hotel-Dieu Beaune
A former charitable almshouse in Beaune, France, it was founded in 1443 by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, as a hospital for the poor. The original hospital building, the Hôtel-Dieu is now a museum.
http://www.burgundytoday.com/historic-places/museums/hospice-beaune.htm
Gotti, Laurent. Hospices De Beaune: The Saga of Winemaking Hospital. Bordeaux: Féret, 2009. Print. -
Jan 1, 1434
The Arnolfini Marriage Portrait. Jan VanEyck
A painting of Italian merchant Giovanni di Nicolao Arnolfini and possibly his second wife or his first who died in 1433. Art historians believe its unique due to interior lighting and illusionism which were uncommon during this time period.
Oil on oak panel of 3 vertical boards
82.2 cm × 60 cm (32.4 in × 23.6 in);
Ward, John L. "Disguised Symbolism as Enactive Symbolism in Van Eyck's Paintings." Artibus Et Historiae: An Art Anthology. 29th ed. Vol. 15. Vienna: IRSA, 1994. 9-53. Print. -
Jan 1, 1438
Machu Picchu, The Incas
This Incan Estate is located in the Cusco Region, Urubamba Province, Machupicchu Districtin Peru. It is situated on a mountain ridge above the Sacred Valley. Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was built as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti between (1438–1472).
http://escale.minedu.gob.pe/ (will need translation) -
Jan 1, 1450
Viol (also Vihuela)
This Spanish Renaissance musical instrument held the popularity accorded the lute elsewhere in Europe. Built like a large guitar, it had six, sometimes seven, double courses of strings tuned like the lute. The vihuela was played by the aristocracy, the guitar by commoners. By the 18th century both instruments had given rise to the six-stringed guitar.
Creator unknown
Mid to Late 15th Centtury
Venice, Italy
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/628721/vihuela -
Jan 1, 1452
Madonna and Child, Jean Fouquet
This panel is the right half of the Melun Diptych, showing Madonna and the Christ child. Etienne Chevalier, commissioned this diptych for his native town.The left-hand panel, depicts Chevalier being presented by his patron saint, Saint Stephen.
Oil on panel, 94.5 x 85.5cm,
Antwerp, Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten
https://www.museodelprado.es/en/exhibitions/exhibitions/at-the-museum/la-obra-invitada-virgen-de-la-leche-con-el-nino-y-angeles-jean-fouquet/ -
Jan 1, 1460
Italian Dance-Portative Organ and Fiddle (Music Link)
Giloxia or Gelosia
15th Century Italian Dance
Composer Unknown
Ascribed to Domenico da Piacenza by Guglielmo Ebreo
http://youtu.be/UjTZYguCcyI -
Jan 1, 1461
The Coronet of Margaret of York, Artist Unknown
The coronet is one of two medieval British royal crowns still surviving. It is very small, with a diameter across is about 5 inches, and the height is about 5 inches. The circlet is made of gilded silver & precious stones; a diamond cross, with pearls, and eight large fleurons; a quadrifoliate with a large ruby, mounted on a white rose, & the other 5 leaves are ornamented with pearls and sapphires.
"Britain: London.(News)." Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales). N.p., 28 May 2002. Web. 13 Aug. 2014. -
Jan 1, 1464
Neemrana Fort Palace
Neemrana Fort-Palace is located on a high hillock and its name derives from a valiant local chieftain named Nimola Meo. The Chauhan capital was shifted from Mandhan (near Alwar) to Neemrana when the fort was established by Raja Dup Raj.The site was re-established as a heritage resort hotel in 1986.
Frowde, Henry. "The Imperial Gazetteer of India." Neemrana 1909, sec. 19: 120-21. Print. -
Jan 1, 1465
Ceiling of the Camera Picta, Andrea Mantegna
This work was painted between 1465 and 1474 and commissioned by Ludovico III Gonzaga, (the ruler of the Italian City of Mantua) and is notable for the use of trompe l'oeil (three dimensional) details and its di sotto in sù (seen from below) ceiling. It is located in Mantua, Italy in the Palazzo Ducale.
Medium is unidentified except for a description of "oily tempera"
Adams, Laurie. Italian Renaissance Art. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2001. Print. -
Jan 1, 1470
Spanish Verdugada (Hoop Skirt) (Painted depiction by Pedro Garcia Benabarre)
The vertugado was a hoop skirt stiffened with the giant cane plant. Juana de Portugal was the earliest wearer of the skirt and the Catherine of Aragon brought the Fashion to England around 1500-1501. Verdugada's were an essential element of Tudor fashion and remained so for almost 300 years.
Arnold, Janet. Patterns of Fashion 3: The Cut and Construction of Clothes for Men and Women, C 1560 -1620. Hollywood, CA: Quite Specific Media Group, 2002. Print. -
Jan 1, 1473
David, Andrea Del Verrocchio
Commisioned ca. 1473-1476 by the Medici family, it was "intended as a representation of Florence, as both were more powerful than they appeared, and both the shepherd boy and Florence could be viewed as rising powers."
Bronze
4'1 ½ high
Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence.
King, Anne R., and Gary M. Radke. "Verrocchio's David." Verrocchio's David. The UPS Foundation, unknown. Web. 12 Aug. 2014. -
Jan 1, 1475
Floral Workshop, Foliage Master (Sierra Leone, West Africa) Afro-Portuguese Saltcellar
Categorized as Afro-Portuguese ivories, Temne and Bullom artists from Sierra Leone, and from Nigeria's Benin Kingdom, carved ivories, which present a mixture of European and African forms, motifs, styles, and patterns.
(Sierra Leone, West Africa)
Afro-Portuguese Saltcellar
late 15th century
Ivory
13 1/8 in. (33.3 cm)
5 3/8 in. (13.7 cm)
Gift of Gustave Schindler
Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College
http://www.oberlin.edu/amam/Sierra.htm#sthash.tCz4DbZj.dpuf -
Jan 1, 1484
Birth of Venus, Sandro Botticelli
Commissioned by the Medici family of Florence, it depicts the goddess Venus. The Italian Renaissance gave a Neoplatonic interpretation of the work stating that she was an earthly goddess who aroused humans to physical love or she was a heavenly goddess who inspired intellectual love in them. Tempera on canvas,
approx. 5'9
Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.
Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008. Print. -
Jan 1, 1495
The Last Supper aka Il Cenacolo, Leonardo Da Vinci
This work was part of commissioned renovations to the church by Leonardo's patron Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan. The painting represents the scene of The Last Supper of Jesus with his disciples. Due to the methods used, and the environment, very little of the original remains. The last restoration attempt was completed in 1999.
1495-1497
tempera on gesso, pitch and mastic
460 cm × 880 cm (181 in × 346 in)
Santa Maria Delle Grazie, Milan
http://www.lairweb.org.nz/leonardo/supper.html -
Jan 1, 1498
Pieta, Michelangelo
The statue was commissioned for the French Cardinal Jean de Bilhères, who was a representative in Rome. Made for the cardinal's funeral monument, it was moved to its current location, in the 18th century. It is the only piece Michelangelo ever signed.
1498-1499
Marble
St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City
Gardner, Helen, and Fred S. Kleiner. "22. Renaissance in Quattrocento Italy" AP Gardner's Art Through the Ages: A Global History. 14th ed. Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2013. pp.610 -
Jan 1, 1500
Self Portrait, Albrecht Durer
The Christ-like slf portrait was painted in 1500. shortly before his 29th birthday. It is oil on wood and now in the collection of the Altnakothek in Munich, Germany. His portrait was unlike the others because his face its toward the viewer .This pose is usually reserved for Christ and the gestures in the painting are reminiscent of blessings in religous icons.
2'2 x 1' 7
Acrylic Paint, Panel Painting, Oil Paint on Wood
http://www.openculture.com/2013/07/the_genius_of_albrecht_durer_revealed_
