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Dual Federalism
Def: Both states were equal authorities operating within their own spheres of influence, as defined by a strict reading of the Constitution.
It was the center of the Great Debate . -
McCulloch v Maryland
A second national bank was needed after the Civil War, the bank of Maryland imposed taxes on banks operating within their borders. Maryland sued McCulloch, the natonal bank cashier. McCulloch brought this to the court, Judge John Marshall was a judge with strong nationalist learnings.. John Marshall said that McCulloch was right to not have states tax national banks. -
Doctrine of Nullification
Polititions in some Southern States believed that states had the right to nullify national laws that they believed contradicted state interests.
This was not a new thing, it happened when the Union was created. -
Doctrine of Secession
The idea that states had the right to seperate themselves from the Union.
Most extreme option for those who believed in state soverignty. -
Interstate Commerce Act
Congress passed this law to regulate the railroad industry.
As new railroad lines criss-crossed the nation railroads companies gained and precedented power. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
This act was used to prevent monopolies or the exclusive control of a good or service in a particular market.
Used to create fair competition in all industries. -
United States v. E.C. Knight Company
The court ruled that a combination of sugar refining companies was not a monoply under the Sherman Antitrust Act. -
Cooperative Federalism
The national and state government shared functional authority in broad policy areas. -
The New Deal
Plan created by Rosevelt that created a series of national programs to address the needs of Americans.
Some programs provided for the unemployed. -
Creative Federalism
An era where the national government channeled federal funds to local governments and citizen groups to address problems that states could or would not address. -
Lyndon B. Johnson/The Great Society
Lyndon was the president of the 1960s and extended the powers of the national government with his Great Society program.
Great Society program was a series of initiatives aimed at eliminating poverty and social inequality. -
Reconstruction Amendments
These amendments were significant because they abolished slavery, defined citizenship, prohibited the states from denying citizens rights, and extending voting rights to African-American people. -
New Federalism
A modern era in federalism in which authority that rested with the national government is being returned to the states.
Many political leaders worked to reverse this trend. -
The Reagan Years/Ronald Reagan
An idea supported by Ronald Reagan, president in the 1980s, to give power back to states.
He believed that the national government was less effective than state governments in providing services for the people. -
Devolution/Contact with America
Modern trend in federalism in which more power is given back to the states.
The Contract with America pledged to reduce the size and power of the national government by eliminating costly federal programs.
