-
Early Beginnings
Programmed Instruction with analog
tools. Tools: Tape recorders and
language labs. Focus: Repetition drills
for pronunciation and grammar. Example: Skinner’s teaching machines,
which inspired computer-based
instruction. -
First Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Programs
Introduction of PLATO. Features: Text-based prompts and instant
feedback. Usage: Vocabulary building, reading
comprehension, and quizzes. Highlight: Pioneer systems used mainframe
computers. -
Affordable PCs became widespread in schools
Software: Grammar focused programs
like ´´Word Munchers´´ and early
interactive tools. Benefit: Individualized learning through
standalone applications. Example: Macintosh HyperCard,
allowing teachers to create multimedia
lessons. -
The Internet Revolution
Technological Leap: Access to the World Wide Web revolutionized language teaching. Tools: ICQ, email, and discussion forums for communication. Innovations: Online exercises, interactive websites, and multimedia integration. Example: Hot Potatoes (quizzes, crosswords, and matching exercises) -
Emergence of Online Platforms
Main Tools: Platforms like Blackboard,
Moodle, and early adaptive systems. Innovations: Cloud-based learning,
multimedia tutorials, and assessment tools. Apps like Duolingo and Rosetta Stone
gained popularity. Impact: Greater accessibility and flexible
learning schedules. -
Mobile Learning and Gamification
Breakthroughs: Language learning apps and
gamified tools. Examples: Duolingo, Busuu, Memrise, and
Quizlet Live. Features: Progress tracking, leaderboard
challenges, and bite-sized lessons. Trend: Focus on learner engagement and
motivation. -
Artificial Intelligence and Immersive Technologies
State-of-the-Art Tools: AI-powered conversational tools
(e.g., ChatGPT, Elsa Speak). Technologies: Virtual Reality (VR) for real-world scenarios (e.g., Mondly
VR). Speech Recognition for real-time pronunciation feedback. Focus: Personalized learning paths and immersive, realistic
practice.