Exam 2 AMH colonies/ imperial wars

By hellenae17
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    King Williams War

    -Everyone against France,
    -Proxy war, the natives Allie with French or English.
    -English w/ Mohegan and Iroquois. French w/ Narraganset and Wampanoag.
    -Get the Treaty Of Ryswick, William II is king of England, France gains territory (Haiti and Nova Scotia)
    -France Technically won.
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    Queen Annes War

    -War over Spanish succession
    -Colonies involved, SC (Britain) vs. FL (Spain)
    -Ends w/ Treaty of Utrecht. Phillip V is the next king of Spain. Britain gets New Foundland, France keeps Cape Breton Isle. and Prince Edward Isle.
    -A time of peace occurs, Britain gets Georgia, France fortifies Cape Breton and wins Louisbourg aka controls the fur trade.
    -ultimate goal for Britain is to stop the French, specific goal, Spanish successuionwho will be king?

  • **Navigation act (molasses act)

    • 6 pence per gallon tax on molasses
    • Port officers start taking bribes instead of charging the actual tax
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    War for Jenkins Ear

    -Capt. Robert Jenkins of the Rebecca wants money.
    -James Oglethorpe (GA) wages war w/ FL and tries to take St. Augustine and fails. Then goes to attack Cartagena and fails as well
    -He ends up legalizing alcohol in GA
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    King Georges War

    • War for Austrian succession.
    • Colonies MA Gov. Shirley realizes they can help mom, takes 4,000 MA militia men and William Pepperelle and win Ft. Louisbourg and now control the fur trade in 1745. -Ends with Treaty of Aix-la-Chspelle of 1748. Britain returns Louisbourg to the French, France returns Chennai. -Colonists learn the hard lesson that everything they have is just moms.

  • Ohio Company of VA is created

    • similar to VA company of London
    • goal was to expand into Ohio. They are lead by the Fairfax family

  • Fort Pickawillany is created in Ohio

    • built to protect the colonists from the violence as a result of expansion.

  • Post Aix-la-Chispelle Treaty conflict

    -Ft. Louisbourg was given back to the French so the colonists were not supposed to continue colonizing Ohio,Ohio Company of VA said no way were gonna give up on expansion.
    - The French are mad as a result of this so they send in French Gen. Charles Langlade and they Allie with Chief Pontiac.

  • French Gen. Charles Langlade and Chief Pontiac destroy Ft. Pickawillany

  • French build forts along the Allegheny River

    • they create these forts to protect from British expansion

  • Washingtons first trip to survey the French

    • George Washington gets sent by his brother Lawrence Washington (member of the Ohio company of VA, married to Anne of the Fairfax family), to survey the territory and to scare/warn the French.
    • He returned to Lawrence having done nothing but exactly those two things

  • Georges second time surveying the French

    • George gets sent back in the Spring with the goal of building a fort.
    • George brings 140 member of the VA militia and allied with Chief Tanaghrisson and the Mingo Tribe (who were displaced by the French), and they find that the French are already building Fort Duquesne on the site.

  • Albany Congress

    • June-July of 1754
    • 7 colonies, 24 delegates join in Albany NY to decide how to help mom in the french, American, Indian war.
    • try to Allie w/ the Iroquois and that Fails.
    • Try to unite the colonies with the Albany Plan of union
    • It ultimately failed at its goals but we consider it a success because it is the first ever intercolonial congress of 4.

  • The Albany Plan of Union

    created as part of the Albany Congress
    - The new type of government was created by Tom Hutchinson and Benjamin Franklin.
    - its a loose confederation for the purpose of defense
    - would have had a grand council of 48 delegates, each with 3 year terms, and representation for the colonies would be based on the amount of taxes you pay to mom
    - B Franklin produces the Join or Die comic.
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    American, French and Indian war

    -Aka the 7 years war.
    - Results in the Treaty of Paris of 1763
    - Britain's war didn't begin till 1756.
    - also results in the Albany Congress

  • Battle of Jumonville Glenn

    • This battles starts the American, French and Indian war.
    • Washington and Chief Tananghrisson discover 20 French men at Ft. Dusquene, They decide to take them on and Washington wins and they capture 14 of the French men.
    • European rules state you must treat your prisoners of war accordingly to the status they have in the hierarchy.
    • Chief Tanagrhrisson does not agree and he massacres 13 of the 14 men, while one got away.

  • Washington returns to Fort Necessity (French fort)

    • Washington looses the battle and is taken as a prisoner of war by the French. Washington signs a document in French that basically lays all the blame for the War on him

  • Ft Niagara and Ft. Carillon

    Both these forts didn't get attacked bc of the events near Ft. Duquesne.
    - Ft. Carillon, (Ticonderoga NY), its along Lake Champlagne and was supposed to be attacked by general William Johnson
    - Ft. Niagara, located between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie in NY and was supposed to be attacked by MA gov. Shirley

  • Braddocks defeat at Fort Duquesne

    • Gen. Edmund Braddock had 1600 red coats and was accompanied by George Washington and 450 Va militia members to take Ft. Duquesne.
    • 1 day out from reaching the fort, by 900 men that included the French and native allies.
    • The natives use guerrilla warfare
    • They has almost 1000 casualties for the British and General Braddock was killed
    • Britian suffered major losses.

  • Prime Minister William Pitt., retake of Ft. Louisbourg

    • colonists are loosing bc of the natives so Pitt says we need to fight the French alone.
    • His plan is to retake Ft. Louisbourg. This is lead by Gen. Jeffery Amherst. they succeed.
    • Colonies now run the fur trade, lumber, whaling, etc once again.

  • Colonies Attack on Qubec

    • led by Gen. James Wolfe. They are successful but Wolfe dies.

  • Last Two battles for the colonies

    • They take Montreal led by Gen, Jeffery Amherst
    • Attack on Martinique and Guadalupe led by Gen. Periguine Hospin.
    • Colonies battles are officially finished but moms overall war is not done.
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    Pontiacs Rebellion

    • 2000 dead, results in the Proclamation of 1763.
    • no communication is giving to the natives so they think the war is still happening and continue to battle the colonies.

  • Proclamation of 1763

    • to end Pontiacs rebellion.
    • King creates this proclamation which states no British colonists can be west of the Appalachian mountains.
    • this is to be taken with a grain of salt considering they had already started moving west into Ohio.
    • Colonies had also asked for protection and the king offered to send 10,000 troops but he expects partial payment for them and for the war.

  • Treaty of Paris of 1763

    • End of the American, French and Indian war.
    • Britain acquired Canada, French had the territory east of the Mississippi, Spain gets everything west of the Mississippi.
    • Natives had no representation in Paris.

  • **Currency Act

    • prohibited the printing and issuance of paper money by Colonial legislatures, It also set up fines and penalties for members of Colonial government who disobeyed, despite the long-standing currency shortage.
    • not supposed to use our paper currency but we keep using it because we can't get our hands on hard currency.

  • **Revenue act/ sugar act

    *- indirect tax, the merchant pays the tax. designed to generate revenue, effect of the bribing happening in place of the molasses act
    - made to prevent smuggling of sugar, also a revenue raising act.
    - lowers the tax on sugar/ molasses by half, 3 pence per gallon
    - raise the penalty if your caught smuggling
    - sent to vice admiralty court if your caught in Nova Scotia

  • ** Stamp Act

    • Direct taxes on anything printed and the taxes must be paid in hard currency, but hard currency is always in a shortage. old act
    • results in the VA resolves, The sons of Liberty, and partially related to the second intercolonial congress.

  • VA Resolves

    -First Major response to the stamp act, laws passed out of the House of Burgesses (VA Assembly) as a result of the stamp act, the original 7 are....
    -1. VA are British citizens
    -2. VA has the same rights and privileges as British citizens.
    -3. Self Taxation is a right of British Citizens
    -4. VA has always self taxed thro the House of Burgesses
    -5. Only the HOB can tax VA
    -6. Any other entity can NOT tax VA
    -7. disagree with any of these resolves you will be an enemy of the state.

  • Sons off Liberty

    • 2nd major response to the stamp act.
    • beliefs are based off of John Lockes purpose of the gov. which was the belief that the job of the government was to protect peoples life, liberty and property.
    • liberty = right to work
    • property = right to possessions
    • they believed the stamp act took away your property right so they used violence to scare merchants from selling taxed products.
    • as a result, the Quartering Act was put into effect

  • **Quartering Act

    • result of the violence created by the sons of liberty
    • states colonists have to house British troops in public locations such as pubs

  • Stamp Act Congress (2nd intercolonial congress)

    • as a result of everything happening bc of the stamp and quartering acts. it takes place in NY
    • has 27 delegates from 9 colonies
    • 2 goals
    • how to stop the violence?
    • Wrote the stamp act letter to the king and get rid of the stamp act to appeal the sons of liberty. -Colonies not present,
    • NH,NC,VA,GA
    resulting in the Declaratory act

  • **Declaratory Act of 1766

    • it declares that mom may still tax her colonies

  • **Townshend Duties Tax of 1767

    • created by Charles Townshend (CFO of ENG.)
    • uses indirect taxes that the merchants pay so the colonists only see the tax in general higher prices
    • at first merchants try not to raise prices but eventually they have to.

  • Year of non-consumption

    -happens bc of higher taxes due to the Townshend duties taxes.
    -Results in the daughter of liberty
    - They hold boycott on any taxed products ex, tea, lead, paint, paper and glass.
    - they loose a to of money so the British merchants are pissed and tell parliament they need to do something about it.

  • **Tea Act of 1770

    • 1770, the colonies are resolved of all of the Townshend taxes except this one as a result the year of non consumption.
    • 3 pennies per pound on tea
    • not a big tax at all but it serves as a reminder that mom can and will still tax her colonies.

  • Boston Massacre

    • result of all taxes and built up of hate over the years. -8 soldiers taking hate from angry colonists shoot and kill 5 people. it was basically a big miscommunication bc of a fire happening streets over.

  • Paul Revere and propoganda

    • post Boston massacre Revere makes a picture displaying the day as an aggressive hateful attack on innocent colonists which riles people up more. -Dr. Joseph Warren also writes about that day as an aggressive attack on their own people.

  • Gaspee ship incident

    -HMS Gaspee was commanded by William Duddingston and his job was to capture sugar smugglers. it was a fast moving ship
    - the colonists lured the ship into port at high tide and it got stuck on a sand bar during low tide.
    - Colonists lit the ship on fire
    - Crown is furious and states anyone involved will face trial in London for their participation.

  • **Tea Act of 1773

    • it states the tax on tea will be lowered BUT, colonists are mad on the way it works
    • The British East India company has a monopoly on tea import
    • they don't want to abide by the Navigation acts of 1663/1673 which states they must go Thro England when delivering to the colonies in order to be taxed. they get this waived.
    • colonists are mad that the company gets more rights then they do

  • Boston Tea Party

    Result of the Tea Act anger
    - 3 ships owned by BEI company dock in Bostons port carrying tea. Colonists don't like the company and so they refuse to let them unload any tea off the ships for 20 days
    - Sam Adams + SOL decide its time for action. 150 member os the SOL board the ships and dump 342 chests (10,000 pounds worth) of tea into the harbor
    - BEI company pushes of British parliament to punish the colonists. results in the coercive acts.

  • Coercive/Intolerable Acts

    • parliaments immediate response to Boston tea party, has 5 acts
    • Boston Port Act: closes Bostons harbor taking away their "liberty"
    • MA Gov Act: replaced T. Hutchinson as gov. with Gen. Tom Gage and rules by martial law.
    • No more MA elected assembly: president John Hancock, now informally the Provincial Congress. Hancock, buy and hide guns in concord MA
    • Impartial Admin. of justice act: royal officials accused of crimes face trial in London. they get off easy.
    • on pt 2***

  • Coercive/ Intolerable Acts pt 2**

    1. Quebec Act: most important!!! they give Quebec, the FRENCH, the right to self govern. colonies till do not have that right. THIS ACT IS THE ONE THAT UNITES THE COLONIES AND CREATES THE 3RD INTERCOLONIAL CONGRESS

  • 3rd intercolonial congress, 1st contiental

    response to coercive acts (Quebec act)
    -56 delegates, 12 colonies (no GA). Meet in Philly
    -Goal 1: write the declaration of grievances to the king.
    -Goal 2: creating the Continental Association

    - no more British imports starting 12/1/1774
    - no colonial exports to Britain starting 12/1/1775
    they create a new job to enforce these rules, Officer of Inspection

  • MP Edmund Burke

    • a member of British parliament gives a speech expressing how valuable the colonies are to GB and that we need to start listening to them. the colonies are a big source of money and wealth for GB and the last thing we should do is go to war with them. He said you don't want to take away their liberty.

  • Conciliatory Proposition

    result of Continental association
    - mom will stop taxing her colonies if the colonies voluntarily pay off their debt but they will not disclose how much the debt is they just want the colonies to start paying

  • Gov Gage plan to get Hancock and Adams

    -Gage knows the provincial congress is hiding guns in concord MA so he asks the king what to do and he's told to retrieve the guns and to find Adams and Hancock. they plan to leave Boston and do just that.

  • Attempt on Montreal

    • First attempt in by Ethan Allen in September 1775, he fails and is taken as a prisoner of war.
    • Second attempt was led by General Richard Montgomery and he wins but then needs to assist Benedict Arnold on taking Quebec so he leaves and looses Montreal

  • Intro to Henry Knox

    • GW is venting to Henry Knox in Cambridge MA next to Bunker Hill ab how he only has less then 6,000 soldiers left an no heavy artillery. Knox comes up with a plan to retrieve the heavy artillery in FT. T so they send Oxen and men to NY to retrieve it.

  • Battle of Boston March

    -aka fortification of Dorchester Heights.
    -there was no real battle, GW staged a ton go tents in the night surrounding Bunker hill and Gen. Gage. They made it look like a campsite. Gage sees this and flees to NY to join the howe brothers and start their second strategy.
    THIS GETS THE COLONIES TALKING OF INDEPENDENCE*

  • Midnight Ride

    • Gage takes 700 troops out of Boston to storm concord.
    • Paul Revere quietly rides a canoe and then a horse and knocks on doors to warn the people of Lexington that "the regulars are coming.
    • Revere meets with William Dawes and they find (in Lexington) and convince Adams and Hancock to leave Boston.
    • Revere and Dawes head to concord accompanied by Samual Prescott. Dawes and Revere are captured by Gage and his troops but Prescott makes it and successfully warns Concord.

  • Battle of Lexington

    -first battle of the revolutionary war aka the shot heard around the world
    - Gage and his troops arrived to Lexington at 4am and they were greeted by 70 militia men. They were going to back down to avoid bloodshed but someone still unknown shot.
    - 8 Americans dead and 10 wounded. No GB casualties.
    - Gage and his troops marched on to concord.

  • Battle of Concord

    • after Lexington Gag heads to concord and arrives at 7am
    • upon arrival no one is there. Gage splits his troops into 3 groups. 1 to the house, 1 to the bridge and 1 to the town. -on the search for the guns they find the colonists are everywhere with the guns and are using guerrilla warfare.
    • GB 73 dead, 200 wounded. America 49 dead, 43 wounded. Colonists technically won both concord and Lexington

  • Second Continental Congress (4th time meeting)

    • Philly PA, 56 delegates, all 13 colonies. -Goal 1: They want peace so John Dickinson writes a letter to the king titled "The Olive Branch Petition"
    • Goal 2: raise and supply and army. The leader was selected as George Washingon.

  • Why George Washington?

    -Hancock was also in the running but every clash with the British has been with MA and Hancock is from MA while George is from VA so they needed George to unite the colonies under the cause. It is also symbolic considering VA was the very first colony.
    -he wanted the job
    - he is experienced
    - he has connections to the Fairfax family

  • Storm of Ft. Ticonderoga (kind of)

    Ft. T is in ADK and was built to protect the fur trade and so it is filled with ammunition and protected by very few British soldiers.
    -We need guns so Hancock picks two men to retrieve them..
    -Ethan Allen, leader of militia the green mountain boys
    -Benedict Arnold, Leader of the CT militia, raised in wealth.

    -Two men knock on the Ft. door and a soldier answers and allows them in, no fight.

  • American vs Britain Troop strength

    American
    -Continental army (18,000) led by GW + Local Militia, 4,000. In total 20,000 men Britain
    -50,000 regulars (red coats) + 30,000 member of Hesse militia from Prince Hesse. in total, 80,000 men Hesse weren't paid by the Britts so they would plunder and collect booty

  • America vs Britain Strategy

    American
    1. Need strength in number so take Canada as a 14th colony and to use as a pawn
    2. Use Guerrilla warfare
    3. Survive. Drag out the war and make it expensive Britain
    1. Stop the rebellion in MA
    2. If that fails flee to NY, conquer and divide. Control NY and focus the war north.
    3. At all costs preserve and protect the south, use the colonial loyalists to help.

  • Battle of Bunker Hill

    -Led by Colonel William Prescott. British were led by General Gage.
    - Bunker hill is the tallest in MA, the battle took place on Breeds Hill where Prescott positioned his men. Gage would need to pass thro them to get to Bunker.
    -Gage captured Bunker hill BUT British casualties stood at 1054 while Prescott only lost 450 men.

  • Attempt on Quebec City

    • Quebec is a walled city and Benedict Arnold and Daniel Morgan decide to attack in the freezing cold winter from the outside of the city. It is a massive disaster and ends with Montgomery dead, Arnold wounded and the remaining troops begging Quebec to let them into the cities walls.

  • 3rd Continental Congress

    -takes place in Philly PA
    - Richard Henry Lee (VA) declares we become independent, John Adams (MA) seconds.
    - Create the declaration of independence committee
    - According to procedure all the colonies that will become states must approve the declaration before its passed so they give them a month to go get approval from their colonies and to write the letter to the king

  • The Declaration of Independence Committee

    -includes 5 men...
    -Thomas Jefferson (he writes the entire document)
    -John Adams
    -Benjamin Franklin
    -Roger Sherman
    -Robert Livingston

  • Battle of Long Island (Brooklyn)

    • Started fighting in august and timed out in November
      -This battle was for control of NY which howe kept winning
    • GW goes to PA, Howe brother stay in NYC
    • They send John Roll (leader of the hessians) to babysit Washington and they station themselves in Trenton, NJ and make 2 errors
    • they plunder thro the loyalists in NJ
    • Roll is drunk Christmas night and he ignores a notes given to him warning of Washington's attack

  • how does our independence work?

    John Dickinson led creation of the new gov and states. The states needed to decide 3 things.
    1. Type of gov, Republic or Democracy?
    -most States chose republic (representatives)
    2. Do we use 3 branches of gov?
    -Executive, governors w/ limited power, Legislative, have assembly, Judicial, judges are given life terms.
    3. Who can vote?
    -Property owners, bc they are paying taxes

  • Articles of Confederation

    -Dickinson propose it in 1776, gets to the states in 1778
    - Single house legislation, only use legislative branch called the Confederation Congress.
    - Confederation Congress, each state receives one vote, equal representation
    - To pass minor legislation, 7 votes, to pass major legislation, 9 votes and to amend the articles you need all 13 states.

  • Powers of the Confederations and the Sates

    Confederation:
    1. power to make war and peace
    2. power to draft treaties and alliances
    3. native relations
    4. ability to create standards FOR coins, weights and measurements
    5. power to establish postal service

    States:
    1. Taxes (money)
    2. Militias (were not at war so no continental army) States technically have the most power

  • Problems w/ the articles of confederation

    1. Ratification;
      • Maryland does not ratify, MD is mad at VA for selling their western land and cutting MD off causing their property taxes to be too high. MD will only sign is Jefferson and VA give up the western land and they do in 1781 MD signs but now there's a new problem
    2. Western Lands? -giving up the western lands, they created a colony, to solve this problem we use 4 land ordinances.

  • Problems w/ the confederation pt 2

    1. no united currency, alliance to the state
    2. no enforcement branch aka national army
    3. no executive branch, no president
    4. need everyone to agree to amend 7.RI doesn't like to agree/show up, need all 13 8.Alot of Debt, 52 mil total, 40 mil domestic, 12 mil foreign (France)
    5. We need national Taxes to pay off debt, propose national tariff of 5%, states start taxing each other
    6. no Judicial Branch, no one to mediate state vs state, no way to sue your own state.

  • Thomas Paine publishes "Common Sense" a book on American independence

  • 3rd Continental Congress returns

    • This is the day John Adams declares independence again and we adopt the VA resolution of independence.

  • Continental Congress Bickers ab the Details of the Declaration

  • Continental congress adopts the actual declaration

  • Continental congress begins to officially sign the declaration of independence

  • Battle of Princeton NJ

    -GW uses the surprise attack method that he used for Trenton and they win
    -The Americans lost Brigadier General Hugh Mercer was killed by the British bc they thought it was GW
    - After this win we take our time out.

  • Battle of Saratoga

    -Howe brothers needed Albany so they were going up and general John Burgoyne (aka gentlemen Johnny). On his way Johnny took Ft. T and finds bridges burnt
    -General Horatio Gates (aka Granny Gates) sets up an ambush.
    -Benedict Arnold and Daniel Morgan come up with the strategy to detour Johnny'd men to a large open field and use fake Turkey calls to call the men into the woods.

    -The Americans won and this was a major turning point in the war

  • Battle of Saratoga Turing point

    This battle wad s turning point bc...
    1.It was an American moral boost
    2. The British change their strategy for the 3rd time
    **3. We get France as an Allie

  • Battle of Trenton

    -GW attacks Trenton and Roll dies with the note in his pocket
    -GW takes 900 POW and 100 British casualties. GW only suffered 7 injuries
    - GW won by not following the conventional ways of war, he attacked during a time out.

  • French Alliance

    • We get Franc as allies bc of the battle of Saratoga, this means we also get Spain and the dutch
    • The biggest thing we needed from them was their navy, we gain 27,000 French navy men

  • Britain's Southern Campaign

    • They go for Savannah, Charleston and Camden. -Savanna is taken in December, 1778 but their armies need to move to Charleston next so they trust the loyalists to guard.
    • The 1st continental congress is when the SOL used violence to get what they wanted so they break down all the loyalists who the British armies leave and reclaim the cities
    • Same thing happens in Charleston
    • they win Camden in august of 1780

  • Battles of Cowpens

    • The SOL are living on the Appalachian hills so the British send Lieutenant Banastre Tarleston (the butcher) to Cowpens along the hills.
    • there's only one road (green river road) so General Daniel Morgan hatches a plan
    • He uses local militia who have understanding of the land and better weapons (riffles)
    • has them set up in trees, shoot twice at wagons, hordes, officers then run to the next set of forest. In the gap in the middle the continental army is waiting, then more Milita -Mogan win

  • Battle of Yorktown

    -LAST battle of th revolutionary war
    -British Gen. Cornwallis & 8,300 troops stationed along the Yorktown river.
    -Admiral Paul de Grasse leader of French Navy join GW w/ a total of 17,000 troops
    - Knox and Marquis de Lafayette are there as well and The Americans win, Cornwallis surrenders

  • Treaty of Paris

    • This ENDS the revolutionary war
    • It also establishes US territory
    • 3 dipolmats -B Franklin
      • John Adams, Netherlands -John Jay, Spain -US is recognized as its own, we get everyone east of the Mississippi, south of Canada and north of FL
    • Spain gets FL and Louisiana
    • Britain gets Canada

  • Land Ordinance 1 (yes ordinance)

    • post treaty of Paris
    • Do we have land? yes
    • Should the land not be a colony? Yes
    • Do we have a plan? yes

  • Land Ordinance 2 (survey ordinance)

    • surveys he land north of Ohio river and it gets divided into 5 states, we develop townships of 640 miles, we sell a mile for $1 and they get subdivided in 160 acre family farms.

  • Mt. Vernon (VA) conference pre shays rebellion

    -Located on the Potomac river between MA and VA, and owned by GW.
    -GW wanted to meet to talk ab the Potomac, instead the states in attendance talked ab how bad the articles of confederation were. They can't do anything without having everyone in attendance so they planned for another meeting.

  • Annapolis Conference (MD) pre shays rebellion

    • the result of the Mt. Vernon conference, only 5 states showed up, NJ, NY, PA, DE, VA -since it was pre shays rebellion no one really cared yet so no one showed up.

  • North Western Land Ordinance 3

    Point 1:
    we created 3 steps to becoming a state
    1.when ur a territory, you're given a gov, secretary, 3 judges
    2.when male pop. is 5,000, you vote for an assembly that can create a constitution
    3. when ur total pop. is over 60,000 you can APPLY for statehood. if granted you can select your own governor Point 2:
    -When Jefferson (VA) gave away the land, he said they should become free states w/ NO slavery. So no slavery is permitted north of the Ohio river.

  • Shays Rebellion

    -started in 1786 By Daniel Shay, couldn't sue his own state as we have no judicial branch.
    - he hasn't been paid since the war ended in 1781, MA (Adams) created a direct tax paid in hard currency and Shay's mad bc he can't pay it.
    -Shays militia, 200 men, Gov of MA military of 4,400 men to stop them. Shay and his men attack the armory and they fight traditional warfare.
    - MA wins, Shay looses, this makes people realize we need to change our gov

  • VA Plan

    • Created by Ed Randolph and James Madison at the Constitutional Convention.
    • proposed we have an executive, judicial and legislative branch. -Madison proposed townhouses of the legislative branch and the state representation would be based on your states population, smaller states get less representation, William Patterson from NJ opposed.

  • Small State plan

    • created by William Patterson who opposed Madison and Randolphs VA plan of representation based on pop.
    • proposes we have an exec branch of 3 presidents -legislative branch would stay the same so each state would get 1 vote.

  • Great Compromise/Connecticut Compromise

    -Created by Roger Sherman at the Constitutional Convention
    -Exec, one president w/ 4 year term elected by the electoral college
    -Judicial, supreme and lower court, term is as long as u will to serve, chosen by president and senate
    -Legislative, 2 houses, bicameral legislation. Upper house, senate, 6 year terms elected by state legislature, 2 per state. Lower house, House of Representatives, 2 year term, we the people elect them state in charge of election, representation by pop. creates problem

  • 3/5 compromise

    result of house of representatives being representation by pop.
    -South wants slaves to count as pop. north says no way.
    -compromise and make enslaved people 3/5 of a person.

  • Constitutional Convention **post shays rebellion

    • result of shays rebellion, 12 states, 55 delegates meet at PA statehouse, no RI. Lasted May-September of 1787 -GW is the president of the conference -Ed Randolph and James Madison creates the VA plan, representation based on pop.
    • William Patterson NJ opposes representation based on pop. -Results in the Great Compromise written by Roger Sherman, this becomes our new constitution. -also results in the 3/5 clause.

  • Great Compromise becomes the new Constitution

    • technically amended the articles but we counted it as a major legislation that way we only needed 9 votes to pass it.
    • 1788 we get all 9, it wouldn't have happened if we counted it as an amendment bc RI never participates

  • South Western Land Ordinance 4

    -Uses all of the other land ordinances but changes one thing..
    - from 1784, you get land
    -from 1785, survey and sell the land, 640 for $640
    - from 1787 there's a change, establishes the steps of statehood but the south WILL ALLOW slavery Making the dividing line of slavery the Ohio river and separating the N and S and technically this can being the civil war

  • By creating the SW and NW land ordinances we have divided our country at the Ohio river by who allows and doesn't allow slavery. This is what technically will be cause for the civil War