-
Hutton's discovery
• Hutton travelled and studied rocks and action of natural processes
• He added on to the uniformitarianism principle and his papers were given to the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1785. -
Hutton's papers
• In 1788, Two of these papers got published titled “Theory of the Earth
• His papers stated that phenomenans is observable. -
Lyell's theory
In 1790, Lyell argued that the earth was not formed by a disastrous event rather the changes over a long period time which was proved correct in the modern theories -
Hutton's proofs to theories
• Because of his studies, more knowledge have been gained about rocks and fossils.
• Many theories were that sedimentary rocks were formed when minerals precipitated out of the water however, Huttom proved that wrong by stating that they are formed by volcanic processes
• He provided evidence to his observations by publishing 2 volumes of Theory of the earth in 1795 -
Curvier's discovery
• In 1795, he created comparative anatomy. At that time it was believed that no animals had gone extinct. However by showing fossil fuels of animals to his students, he proved that extinction exist. -
Charles Lyell's interests
Lyell began his career on catastrophic under William Buckland at Oxford in 1797
He wanted to study geology in depth and prove that it’s real because Buckland was comparing it to the bible and catastrophism -
use and disuse
In 1809 in his Philosophie Zoologique,inb which he says that all species come from other species. He also suggested that body parts not used will disappear through a process called use and disuse -
Georges' proofs
• In 1811, George demonstrated that fossil fuels were laying in a spot for a long period of time which was a huge turning point for paleontology and geology
• He believed that catastrophic events caused the extinction of animals
• he arranged animals into four groups—vertebrates, mollusks, articulates, and radiates All animals within the same group were classified together. He didn’t believe that everything was simple organisms up until humans -
Jean's book
In 1815, he published Système des Animaux sans Vertebres. He created vertebrates invertebrates, ascrustaceans, arachnids andannelids which is used to this day. -
Liall's travels
• From 1828 - 1829, he travelled to Mt.Etna, France and Italy with Roderick Murchison hoping to find the natural causes of the earth’s features in order to write his book.
• He was able to successfully prove that the earth’s formation is caused by physical, chemical and biological processes through long periods of time.
• He said that the geological changes long ago is the same in the present -
Charles' travels
• From 1828 - 1829, he travelled to Mt.Etna, France and Italy with Roderick Murchison hoping to find the natural causes of the earth’s features in order to write his book.
• He was able to successfully prove that the earth’s formation is caused by physical, chemical and biological processes through long periods of time
• He said that the geological changes long ago is the same in the present -
Lyell's book
He published a book called “Principal of Geology” published in 1830
This book includes facts that supports his opinions and principles.
Volume II was published in December 1831 and Volume II in April 1833 -
Darwin's travels
• In 1831, Darwin left England on HMA Beagle, during the trip he collected specimen like birds, plants and fossil fuels -
Darwin's journal
• In 1836 he starts writing his observations in the Journal of Researches which was later published which consisted of the origin of living things -
Darwin's theory
natural selection
• On November 24, 1859, he published his theory On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.
Darwin's theory of natural selection was:
1. organisms produce offspring that can survive then they compete for resources.
2. individuals of pop vary and is heritable
3. individuals that are suited to local conditions survive to produce offspring
4. change is slow -
competition
Darwin said Population was reduced by starvation or disease.the copetition for limited resources between individuals of same species wouls select individuals with favourable traits (increase chance of survival)
