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COGsCOGs were introduced for larger loads of comerce and war.
“In the 1300s, larger loads for war and commerce were handled by Cogs . In the north, the rudder had replaced the side oar for steering. In the Mediterranean, lateen sails working as wind foils allowed sailing upwind.” -
Rudder replaced the side oar for steering which made it easier and more maneuverable to sail.
Lanteen sails were used to sail upwind in the Mediterranean. -
3 masted lanteen boats:
-easy for entering and leaving ports
-largest and most dependable ship of the time
-favorable for passengers and sailors holding valuable cargo
Smaller cargo in coastal areas were carried by small or medium sized lanteen-rigged crafts.
-they were smaller, faster, and easier to manoeuvre in smaller ports -
Massive fleets under Zheng He went on voyages to Arabia, India, and Africa. Some of his larger ships were more than 400 feet long. These ships carried hundreds of sailors and many levels of decks.
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Sailors became bolder, stronger, and wanted sailing to be faster and easier.
Trveling by land was too slow and the traders started to get the idea of the “sea-going” caravel techniques which was introduced by the Portuguese. With theis technoque, sailing was easier because it made the ships designed for longer voyages. This made the ships more reliable and stronger. -
Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal helped advance the Portuguese in navigational techniques. The Portuguese took an early lead in developing navigational techniques. They bagan the technique of celestial navigation using quadrants and astrolabes using the sun, moon, and stars to navigate.
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The Chinese were ahead of the west (Europe) in terms of the boats and their parts. The Chinese made the junk, stern mounted rudder, multiple masts, water-tight hull sections, and the magnetic compass. The west was not as advanced as China even though china was not a big “sailing” country. China relied on the Portuguese and Dutch for the trade with Japan
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Out of all of the technological strategies countries use, Europe's caravel was one of the most significant because they used compasses, and the invention of bulkheads.
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Boats with keels were not allowed to be beached or settle close to high tides. They had to be shored up. This was more of a problem in the Atlantic rather than the Mediterranean because the Mediterranean doesn’t have many tides
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The carrack was a Portuguese ship which carried many men as well as a lot of cargo. This ship was very useful for trading. The Carrack had a "U" shape form in the middle of the boat and extended upwards near the stern. This made it near impossible for smaller ships to attack them. The forcastle located near the front, made it hard to sail upwind.
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This ship was large and three-masted. It used oars and sails which derived from the Galleys which were very powerful ships that were successful in battles of that time.
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The Native Americans produced a conoe that was lightweight and made of bark. This was easy for traveling through rivers and lakes for transportation. In the 1600's the French adopted this conoe as well. It helped with their fur trading.
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This ship was pretty small and known for their use by French explorers. It was a small two-masted ship with square-rigged sailing vessels.
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During the 17th century, Great Britain attacked America many times from the water. In return, New England introduced the new ship called the Chaleur which was a very fast boat which could escape and attack quickly.
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This ship was very formal and rowed by ten to twenty oars. It was very long and narrown. The Barge usually was used to transport senior officers.
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This ship was built just to get involved with firing at other ships in war or steering right into other ships to make them catch fire. They were used to finish disabled enemy vessels.
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This ship was very fast and mostly used by smugglers in England. The cutter is a one-masted sailing vessel. The largest Cutter could hold up to twelve guns and hols almost 150 tons.
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These were developed by the French in th Battle of Barbary. Instead of guns, they used high trajectory mortars. The body of the ship was built in order to hold the weight of the mortars. The formast was completely ignored and left out.
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These boats were built for spped and beauty. They were square-rigged and three-masted. They were one of the most beautiful and elegant sailing ships ever made. England is known for the Clippers.
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Prior to the 19th century, vessels usually had two or more backstrays which help out the masts. While some ships had two seperate backstrays, in the 1800's when the spars were being made of steel, shipbuilders made only one spar.
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This ship had two levels, and only one of them was a gun deck. This ship was used in the 18th and 19th century for war. It usually occupied thirty to forty guns on the gun deck and maybe a couple on the quarter-deck.
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By the turn of the 20th century, masted-ships, which transported people, were declining. New steam engines and other ships were being produced for more efficient ways of travel.
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These warships could hold 1500 soldiers and all their weapons as well as built in guns, cannons, and other weapons. They could go 33 knots, which is twice as fast as prior ships. They added several inches of steel for protection rather than just one inch.
