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Apr 5, 1462
Ivan III (Russia)
1462-1505
Death
1. Sends an expedition to the Arctic
2. 1478 – Annexes the Republic of Novgorod
3. 1485 – Annexes Tver. The official date of revival of statehood
4. 1492 – War with Lithuania started August Grandfather of Ivan IV -
Apr 21, 1509
Henry VIII (England)
1509-1547
Death
1. Parliament curbs on absolute monarchy
2. Creates church of England to divorce first wife
3. Act of Supremacy
4. Parliament ends power of pope in England Brother of Arthur
A for no real negative events -
Jan 23, 1516
Charles I (Spain)
1516 - 1556
Left due to combination of political, militaristic failures and health problems.
1. Becomes ruler of Holy Roman Empire 1519.
2. Fights Protestant movement but after years of warfare signs Peace of Augsburg 1555.
3. More successful in America than in Spain. Spanish explorers claim much of Americas for Spain.
4. Gives up throne, split between brother and son. Member of Hapsburg family; father of Philip II.
B: For giving up the throne due to political failures. -
Jan 16, 1547
Ivan IV (Russia)
1547-1584
Death
1. Makes reforms—general council, include merchants, lower-level nobles
2. Promotes military officers on merit; draws up legal code, expands borders & trade
3. Police investigate, punish opposition
4. Seizes land from 12,000 boyars Grandson of Ivan III
C for two negative events -
Jan 28, 1547
Edward VI (England)
1547-1553
Death
1.Protestantism was established for the first time in England
2. Council of regency
3. Battle of Pinkie Cleugh
4. Fall of Somerset Son of Henry VIII
C for fighting and for the fall of Sumerset -
Jul 19, 1553
Mary I (England)
1553-1558
Death
1. "Bloody Mary" persecutes protestants
2. Briefly makes England Catholic again
3. Heresy acts revived
4. Marian persecutions Daughter of Catherine of Argon
F for her oppressive persecution -
Jan 16, 1556
Philip II (Spain)
1556-1598
Left due to death.
1. Leads Counter-Reformation.
2.Faith clashes with Calvinism, bloody revolt begins, sets up Court of Blood.
3.Plans to invade England with Spanish Armada (navy) to stop raiding ships/return England to Catholic Church.
4.Spanish Armada stopped in English channel by prepared English fire ships. Spanish Armada flees and several ships sink. Hapsburg; Son of Charles V, marries Queen Mary I of England.
F for terribly failed invasion and for the bloody revolts -
Nov 17, 1558
Elizabeth I (England)
1558-1603
Death
1. Return to Anglican Church
2. Declines pressure to marry knowing marriage would limit her freedom
3. Good relationship with Parliament- willing to let members speak minds.
4. Calls Parliament into session 10 times in 45-year reign Daughter of Henry VIII
A for having no negative events -
Henry IV (France)
1589-1610
Stabbed by a Catholic Fanatic
1. 1593 converts from Protestantism to Catholicism.
2. 1598 Edict of Nantes.
3. Improves financial situation, eliminates debt, builds up surplus.
4. Creates new industries, boosts agriculture & trade, drains swamps, builds canals, roads. Marries Marie de' Medici, Second cousin to Henry III.
A for his pregression and development of his nation -
Philip III (Spain)
1598-1621
Left due to death.
1.Almost immediately declares the first Duke of Lerma.
2.1609 Expels Moriscos from Spain.
3.1609-21 Achieves temporary peace with Dutch.
4.1618 Brings Spain into Thirty-Years War. Hapsburg, Son of Philip II and Anna.
D for bringing Spain into war and ruining economy b/c of Moriscos -
James I (England)
1603-1625
Death
1. First of Stuart's dynasty to rule in England
2. James rarely got all money he wanted from Parliament
3. Puritan Reform, wanted reform of Church of England
4. Refused to pass Puritans’ reform, Did publish king James Bible D for doing mostly negative things -
Louis XIII (France)
1610-1643
Death
1. 1627, used situation at La Rochelle to signal resisting monarchy carried risks.
2. Cut off supplies to city, walls torn down, all churches to become Catholic.
3. Richelieu’s spies uncovered series of planned revolts.
4. Thirty Years War- Pitted Catholics against Protestants in Central Europe.Richelieu on side of Protestants in attempt to bring down Hapsburgs Son of Henry IV
F for bringing France into war and for all of his negative events -
Michael I (Russia)
1613-1645
Death
1. Peace of Stolbovo
2. Truce of Deulino (1 December 1618)
3. Father returns from exile and basically controls government until 1633
4. Battle of Smolensk Kin of Ivan’s 1st wife, fathers 10 children
B mostly good except for the one battle -
Ferdinand II (HRE)
1619-1637
Death
1. Shuts down 2 Protestant churches in Prague
2. Nobles from 2 German states rebelled against emperor; others joined them
3. 1648, Treaty of Westphalia:
4. Reduced power of the H.R.E. & Strengthened states Leaders Son of Charles II (Austria)
C for Treaty of Westphalia, but shut down protestant churches. -
Philip IV (Spain)
1621-1665
Left due to death.
1. Thirthy Years War.
2. Agrees to efforts to introduce more grandees into the higher ranks of the military.
3.1640-52 - The Reapers' War - Catalonia revolts against the taxation policies of Philip IV of Spain, is briefly declared a republic under French protection before being reoccupied by Spanish troops..
4. Patrons the arts. Part of Hapsburg family
C Loses 30 years war and has to deal with revolt -
Charles I (England)
1625-1649
Beheaded
1. Reconvened Parliament to ask for more money
2. Radical Puritan group in Parliament moved to abolish bishops in Anglican Church
3. Leads troops into House of Commons to arrest Puritan leaders
4. 1642, English Civil War began. F for levying taxes, religious conflicts, etc. He was also executed. -
Frederick William (TGE) (Prussia)
1640-1688
Dies
1 Thirty years war
2 Second Northern War
3 Treaties of Labiau, Wehlau, Bromberg and Oliva
4 Conflict for Pomerania inheritance
Son of George William
D for multiple wars and conflicts but for a few treaties -
Louis XIV (France)
1643-1715
Death
1.Declares he will rule government himself
2.Built palace at Verdailles; demanded nobles visit regularly
3. Revoke edict of nantes
4. Enlarges army Son of Louis XIII
C for becoming absolute monarchy but achomplishes a few good things -
Oliver Cromwell (England)
1653-1658
Dies
1 Clamped down on social life, closed theaters, limited entertainment
2 Foreign Issues, military expeditions to Scotland, Ireland
3 Economic policies led to war with Dutch over trade; also warred on Spain
4 Thomas Hobbes, a Royalist who fled during Cromwell’s rule, wrote, leviathan
No relations
F for stoping social activities, for conflicts, and for bad economic policies -
Charles II (England)
1660-1685
Death
1 Clarendon Code
2 Great Plague and Great Fire
3 Sold Dunkirk to his first cousin King Louis XIV of France
4 Conflict with Parliament Son of Charles I, first cousin of King Louis XIV of France
F for selling part of country, for the great Plague and fire, and conflict with Parliament -
Charles II (Spain)
1665-1700
Pressured to give up throne.
1. The peace with Portugal in 1668 ceded the North African enclave of Ceuta to Spain.
2. Presided over the greatest auto-da-fé in the history of the Spanish Inquisition in 1680.
3. 1697 French armies would easily occupy Catalonia.
4. August of 1700, in one of his few independent acts as King, Charles created a Junta Magna (Great Council) to examine and investigate the Spanish Inquisition. Hapsburg
B All positive events except one -
Peter I (Russia)
1682-1725
Dies from bladder issues
1 Storms Azov, Black Sea port held by Turks
2 1697, Journeyed to western Europe, realized Russia needed to modernize
3 Brings church under state control
4 Early 1700s, fights Sweden to acquire warm-water port 14th child of Czar Alexis by his second wife, Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina.
A for numerous and successful wars -
James II (England)
1685-1688
Died from brain heamorrhage
1 Glorious revolution
2 Rebellion in southern england
3 Rebellion in scotland
4 Battle of the Boyne Grandson of Henry IV of France, Son of Charles I of England
B for reigning over several kingdoms and for the Glorious Revolution. -
Frederick I (Prussia)
1688-1713
Dies
1 Founded city of Friedrichstadt
2 Persuaded Leopold I, Archduke of Austria and Holy Roman Emperor, to allow Prussia to be elevated to a kingdom
3 Alliance against King Louis XIV of France in the War of the Spanish Succession
4 Crowned himself on 18 January 1701 in Königsberg (Prussia). Son of Frederick William
C for finding the city of friedrichstadt and elevating Prussia to be a kingdom. -
Mary II/ William III (England)
1689-1702
Both die
1. Glorious Revolution, Parliament had essentially crowned new king, queen
2. Sign English Bill of Rights
3. Prevented levying taxes without Parliament
4. England rejected absolute monarchy for monarchy ruled by law Mary II was daughter of James VII
A for doing many good things: glorious revolution and signing bill of rights. -
Philip V (Spain)
1700-1724
Gave throne to Louis I, who died, then took it back until death.
1. Urtect and Rastatt Treaties.
2. Reformist Policies.
3. Recognized trade with Spains American Colonies.
4. Wars of Polish and Austrian Succession. Hapsburg
B for his various treaties and new policies but war was a set back -
Charles VI (HRE)
1711-1740
Died from consuming Death Cap mushrooms
1 Treaty of Utrecht ratified
2 Pragmatic sanction
3 Waged a productive conflict against the Ottoman Empire
4 Death sparks war of Austrian succession Great-grandson of Ferdinand II
B for pragmatic sanction and ratifying the treaty of utrecht, but caused conflict with ottoman empire. -
Frederick William I (Prussia)
1713-1740
Dies
1 Replaced mandatory military service among the middle class with an annual tax
2 Established primary schools
3 Resettled East Prussia
4 Dictated the manual of Regulations for State Officials Son of Frederick I
B for resettling and establishing primary schools. -
Louis XV (France)
1715-1774
Death
1. Dismissal of Bourbon and Appointment of Fleury
2. Treaty of Vienna
3. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
4. Seven Years War Great-grandson of XIV -
Maria Theresa (HRE)
1740-1780
Died from small-pox
1 Turns Frederick down, War of Austrian Succession
2 Spain, France, two German states enter war on Prussia’s side
3 1748, Maria Theresa asks for peace
4 Prussia keeps Silesia, puts Prussia in position of real power Daughter of Charles IV
B for asking for peace and putting Prussia in power. -
Catherine II (Russia)
1762-1796
Died from stroke
1. Reforms legal, education systems
2. Removes trade Restrictions
3. Wins war in Poland (takes control of half of Poland)
4. Strengthens monarchy in rural areas Wife of grandson of Peter
A- for doing many great things like winning war and reforming -
Louis XVI (France)
1774-1791
Executed
1. Expels Jesuits from France
2. Recalls Parliament
3. Signs Edict of Versailles
4. Transforms general economic and political malaise of the country into the French Revolution Grandson of Louis XV
B for transforming and signing Edict of Versailles
