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Nicholas Plastiras' New Goverment
The government of Nicholas Plastiras was formed on January 3, 1945 and stayed in power until April 8, 1945, so it lasted four months. Nikolaos Plastiras was invited as a widely accepted person by Archbishop Damaskinos who had just been appointed Viceroy, to form a government after the fall of the previous one of George Papandreou due to Decemvriana. Personalities from all the political forces participated in the new government except for the Communists. -
The Varkiza agreement
The Varkiza agreement was signed on February 12, 1945 by the Plastiras' government and representatives of the National Liberation Front (EAM) after the truce of Decemvriana on January 11, 1945 between the British and the ELAS, whereby forces were forced to evacuate Attica and Thessaloniki. -
The End of WW II in Hungary
The Soviet Army occupied Hungary from September 1944 until April 1945. The siege of Budapest lasted almost 2 months, from December 1944 to February 1945. Budapest suffered widespread destruction, including all the Danube bridges which were blown up by the Germans in an effort to slow the Soviet advance. -
The end of WWII
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Augustów roundup
The Augustów roundup (Polish Obława augustowska) was a military operation against the Polish World War II anti-communist partisans and sympathizers following the Soviet takeover of Poland. The operation was undertaken by Soviet forces with the assistance of Polish communist units, and conducted from July 10 to July 25, 1945 in Suwałki and Augustów region (Podlasie) of northern People's Republic of Poland. -
Tsaldari’s government takes over
Constantine Tsaldari’s government (April 18 - October 2, 1946) won the legislative elections of 1946, but they did not undertake until the fall of the previous government. Tsaldari’ s government undertook the administration of Greece at 18th of April. After that, Constantine Tsaldaris became Prime Minister of the country. -
The People's Referendum of 1946,
The People's Referendum of 1946, also known as the "Three Times Yes" referendum often abbreviated as 3×TAK, was a referendum held in Poland on 30 June 1946 on the authority of the State National Council (order of 27 April 1946). The referendum presented an opportunity for the forces vying for political control of Poland following World War II to test their popularity among the general population. However, the results were forged and the referendum fai -
The Greek Referendum
The Referendum of 1946 was conducted by the government of Constantine Tsaldari at the 1st of September 1946, because the Greek Parliament imposed the question; «Should the ex king, George the second, return to Greece or not?». The third option was to vote for the Republic. The result was 69% in favor of the return of the king. -
The Democratic Army of Greece
The Democratic Army of Greece(DAG) was an army adjacent to the Communist Party of Greece during the Greek Civil War(1946-1949). Nikos Zachariadis(KKE General Secretary) and Mark Vafeiadis were its leaders. The allies of the Army were N.O.F., Albania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia. -
The Treaty of Peace
The Treaty of Peace with Hungary signed on 10 February 1947 in Paris.
It declared that: "The decisions of the Vienna Award of November 2, 1938, are declared null and void" and Hungarian boundaries were fixed along the former frontiers as they existed on 1 January 1938 except a minor loss of territory on the Czechoslovakian border. -
Small Constitution of 1947
Small Constitution of 1947 (Polish: Mała Konstytucja z 1947) was a temporary constitution issued by the communist-dominated Sejm (Polish parliament) of 1947-1952. It confirmed the practice of separation of powers and strengthened the Sejm. It was renewed in 1949, 1950 and 1951. It recognized some articles of the previous March Constitution of Poland (1921) and PKWN Manifesto (1944), whereas the Constitution of 1935 was declared null and void as fascist. -
The American-Greek Trouman Plan
On 20 June 1947 in the US the Law on the notorious Plan Trouman entered into force. The plan was to help the governments of Greece, Turkey and Iran to face "imminent communist danger". Truman said that "if Greece and Turkey did not receive help, then it was inevitable to fall to communism and that this would open a Pandora's box for the entire region." -
Greek Cooperation Goverment of Sofoulis
The Government of Themistocles Sofouli 1947 (September 7th, 1947 - November 18, 1948) took over after the Government of Constantine Tsaldari which lasted a few days and which was a coalition government with Constantine Vice Tsaldaris. It was a cooperation government of Sofouli's Liberal Party and the People's Party, whose leader was Tsaldaris. -
The incorporation of Dodekanisa in Greece
The Dodecanese ceremony in Greece by the British authorities was held on March 31, 1947 in Rhodes in a festive atmosphere. First commander of the Dodecanese took over the Admiral Perikles Ioannidis, with political consultant and the university judicial Michael Stassinopoulos, later President of the Greek Republic. The official ceremony of the incorporation took place on March 7th, 1948 -
Rákosi's Dictatorship
Rákosi who as a chief secretary of the Hungarian Working People's Party was de facto the leader of Hungary, possessed practically unlimited power imposed totalitarian rule on Hungary. An estimated 2,000 people were executed and over 100,000 were imprisoned. Some 44,000 ended up in forced-labour camps, where many died due to horrible work conditions, poor food and practically no medical care. -
Formation of Polish United Workers Party
The Polish United Workers' Party was established at the unification congress of the Communist Polish Workers' Party (PPR) and Polish Socialist Party (PPS) during meetings held from 15 to 21 December 1948. The unification was possible because the PPS activists who opposed unification had been forced out of the party. Similarly, the members of the PPR who were accused of "rightist – nationalistic deviation" were expelled. It governed Poland until 1989. -
Cardinal József Mindszenty’s Arrest
During the Rákosi dictatorship the Hungarian churches were systematically intimidated. Cardinal József Mindszenty, who had bravely opposed the German Nazis and the Hungarian Fascists during the Second World War, was arrested in December 1948 and accused of treason. After five weeks under arrest (which included torture), he confessed to the charges against him and he was sentenced to life imprisonment. -
László Rajk’s Trial
László Rajk who was the minister of foreign affairs at the time, was arrested in May 1949. He was accused of being a "Titoist Spy", an agent for western imperialism and one who planned on restoring capitalism and jeopardizing Hungary's independence. During his time in prison, Rajk was tortured. Rajk was to be made an example for the beginning of Stalin's anti-Titoist purges. Rajk, along with Dr Tibor Szönyi and András Szalai, was sentenced to death. Rajk was executed on October 15, 1949. -
The New Constitution of Hungary
The parliament passed the new constitution of Hungary modelled after the 1936 constitution of the Soviet Union. The name of the country changed to the People's Republic of Hungary, "the country of the workers and peasants" where "every authority is held by the working people". A new coat-of-arms was adopted with Communist symbols, such the red star, hammer and sickle. In Hungary the head of wheat symbolized the peasants in the Rákosi-coat of arms. -
Turkey sent troops to Korea
Turkey didn’t fight in the II. WW and remainded neutral.After WWII, The Soviet Union began to be a politically and economically threat to Turkey. During those years there was ongoing battle between Korea and China . Turkey sent troops to Korea and fought at the side of the NATO. -
the right of women to vote and be elected in Greece
The famous bill that finally gave the right to women to vote was voted in 3Apriliou 1951. A few years later the first woman Member of the Parliament Helen Skoura was elected with the Greek Party called Sinagermos as well as the first woman minister Lina Tsaldari. -
The First Greek local elections in 1951
The Greek local elections were held on April 15 1951.It was the first free municipal elections held in the country after 17 years, while the previous ones took place in 1934,while subsequently World War II broke out. Then the Occupation followed, as well as the Civil War. The elections of 1951 were still the first ones ever in which the right to vote was given to Greek women. -
The Greek parliamentary elections
The Greek parliamentary elections took place on September 9, 1951 by the government of Sophocles Venizelos. So, in these elections four coalitions and 12 individual parties were involved. -
The newGreek Constitution
The new Constitution was published on January 1, 1952 and was now called "Constitution of 1952". It was not captured as an original text . It was a copy of the 1911 Constitution and had a few provisions which were inspired by the Constitution of 1927. It should finally be noted that it was not affected by the new Constitution, which were been passed in recent years in various European countries, but it was necessary to be voted on because there was a large gap. -
Turkey becomes a member of NATO
Turkey entered NATO in 1952 and serves as the organization's vital eastern anchor, controlling the straits leading from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean and sharing a border with Syria, Iraq, and Iran. -
Greek Accession to NATO
The Greece joined the North Atlantic Treaty in 1952 during Nikolaos Plastira's government. The country was going through its third post-civil war while the world was experiencing the early years of the Cold War. The Greek parliament discussed and approved the Bill of Law Plastira's – S. Venizelos government for the country's accession to NATO. The Greek parliament verifies our country's accession agreement into NATO on 18 and 19 February 1952 as the 13th member. -
Mighty Magyars at Wembley
The Hungarian 'Golden Squad' of the early 1950s remains one of the greatest national teams of all time. Between 1950 and 1956, the team recorded 42 victories, 7 draws and just one defeat, in the 1954 World Cup final against West Germany. The team was built around a core of six key players among them the greatest footballer, Ferenc Puskás. The tactics of 4-2-4 with a deep-lying centre-forward which so destroyed England at Wembley (Hungary – England : 6:3) were allied to a spontaneous fluidity. -
Creation of Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact (formally, the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance, sometimes, informally WarPac, akin in format to NATO)was a collective defense treaty among eight communist states of Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CoMEcon), the regional economic organization for the communist States of Central and Eastern Europe. -
The Warsaw Pact
It was a collective defense treaty among eight communist states of Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. It was in part a Soviet military reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 per the Paris Pacts of 1954 but was primarily motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe. From Hungary András Hegedűs Prime minister signed the pact. -
Karamanlis as Greek prime minister
Karamanlis undertook first prime minister on October 6, 1955 by the acceptance of a command to form a government by King Paul after the death of Papagos. The objectives of the first Karamanlis government were to resolve the Cyprus problem, the modernization of the national economy and the reform of the public life of the country. -
Foundation of ERE in Greece
On January 3, 1956 Karamanlis founded the National Radical Union (ERE). With this move he managed to dominate both in the area of the Right, and in Greece's political scene for almost eight years since he remained prime minister from 1955 to 1963. -
Poznań 1956 protests
The Poznań 1956 protests, also known as the Poznań 1956 uprising or Poznań June were the first of several massive protests against the totalitarian government of the People's Republic of Poland. Demonstrations by workers demanding better conditions began on June 28 1956 at Poznań's Cegielski Factories and were met with violent repression. Soldiers and the police were sent to stop the demonstations. They fired at people and killed about 100 protesters. -
Revolution of 1956
On October 23rd 1956, students and workers seized the streets of Budapest and issued their Sixteen Points which included personal freedom, more food, the removal of the secret police, the removal of Russian control etc. Poland had already been granted rights in 1956 which had been gained by street protests and displays of rebellion. Hungary followed likewise. -
Imre Nagy’s Announcement
Imre Nagy – he was the Prime Minister from 4thJuly 1953 - announced that Hungary was going to leave the Warsaw Pact. However, Khrushchev was not going to allow this. He claimed he had received a letter from Hungarian Communist leaders asking for his help. This was pushing the Russians too far and János Kadar left the government in disgust and established a rival government in eastern Hungary which was supported by Soviet tanks. -
Russian Tanks Occupied Budapest
At dawn 1,000 Russian tanks rolled into Budapest. They destroyed the Hungarian army and probably 30,000 people were killed. To flee the expected Soviet reprisals, probably 200,000 fled to the west leaving all they possessed in Hungary. Nagy was executed and buried in an unmarked grave. By November 14th Kadar was put in charge. Soviet rule was re-established. President Eisenhower of USA said "I feel with the Hungarian people." But America did nothing more. -
Retribution I after the Revolution
Imre Nagy sought and obtained asylum at the Yugoslav embassy in Budapest. So also did George Lukacs, Geza Losonczy and Julia Rajk, the widow of Laszlo Rajk. János Kadar, who claimed that Imre Nagy had gone too far with his reforms, became Hungary's new leader. Kadar promised Nagy and his followers’ safe passage out of the country. Kadar did not keep his promise and on 23rd November 1956 Nagy and his followers were kidnapped after leaving the Yugoslav embassy. -
Kádár Era
In foreign policy János Kádár as party leader steered a course close to Moscow’s, while trying to raise the Hungarians’ standard of living and maintain more liberal internal policies. Kádár minimized political surveillance in Hungary and eventually permitted limited freedoms of expression. Hungary’s cultural life benefited from the greater political tolerance experienced under Kádár’s pragmatic rule. From the sixties Hungarians had much more freedom than their Eastern Bloc counterparts. -
Greek Parliamentary elections
The parliamentary elections of May 11 1958,were conducted by the temporary government of Konstantinos Georgakopoulos.Five political formations participated. The previous government of Constantine Karamanlis won again the elections. The surprise of the elections was that for the first time the Left Party came second. -
Retribution II after the Revolution
The Hungarian government announced that several of the reformers had been convicted of treason and attempting to overthrow the "democratic state order" and Imre Nagy, Pal Maleter and Miklos Gimes had been executed for these crimes. Geza Losonczy and Attila Szigethy were both to die in suspicious circumstances soon afterwards. -
The agreements of Zurich and London
The agreements of Zurich and London were signed in 1959 between Great Britain, Greece, Turkey, the Greek part of Cyprus and the Turkish part of Cyprus community ,who agreed in the conditions under which the British sovereignty over Cyprus ended. After that the independent state of Cyprus was born. -
Parliamentary elections in Poland
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 16 April 1961. They were the third elections to the Sejm, The parliament of the People's Republic of Poland, and fourth in Communist Poland. -
Goulash Communism –Kadarism
The 8th Congress of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party declared the period of "consolidation of socialism". Goulash Communism refers to the variety of communism as practised in the Hungarian People's Republic from the 1960s until the collapse of communism in Hungary in 1989. The name is a semi-humorous metaphor derived from "goulash", a popular Hungarian dish. It represents how Hungarian communism was a mixed ideology and no longer strictly adhering to Marxist interpretations as in the past. -
Nobel Prize in Literature: G.Seferis
In Greece, in 1963 George Seferis was presented with the Nobel Prize in Literature by the Swedish Academy of Sciences: the announcement of the award was made on October 24 while the official award was given on December 10 in Stockholm. Seferis officially proposed in 1963 by Johnson, and was nominated twice, in 1955 and 1961 by T. S. Eliot. -
Letter of Reconciliation
The Pastoral Letter of the Polish Bishops to their German Brothers sent on 18 November 1965 by Polish bishops of the Roman Catholic Church. It was foremost an invitation to the 1000 Year Anniversary Celebrations of Poland's Christianization in 966. -
State millennium Polish
State millennium Polish - Polish national millennium celebrations of national sovereignty and of Polish culture, announced for the years 1960-1966. -
Greek military junta
On April 21, 1967, while elections were launched on May 28, forswear military officers led by Colonel George Papadopoulos, with the participation of Brigadier Stylianos Pattakos armor and Colonel Nikolaos Makarezos and other officers seized power in a coup, which they called "ethnosotirio revolution." Their practice was justified as necessary to avoid anarchy which planned by center-left groups. Democracy and institutions had been catalyzed for seven years. -
Ten Thousand Days
Ten Thousand Days (Hungarian: Tízezer nap) is a 1967 Hungarian drama film directed by Ferenc Kósa. It was entered into the 1967 Cannes Film Festival where Kósa won the award for Best Director. This film depicts the fate of the Hungarian peasants through the story of a family. It is about defencelessness, humiliation and struggle for life on a daily basis. -
Withdrawal of Greece from the EU
The establishment of the dictatorship in Greece in April 1967 led the European Community to interrupt the processes of integration. Indeed, on 30 September 1969 the Minister of Foreign Affairs II Pipinelis announces the withdrawal of the country from the EU and on 12 December of the same year the Council of Europe dismisses, by unanimous decision, Greece. The EEC suspend negotiations with Greece until democracy is restored in the country. -
Political crisis
The Polish political crisis pertains to a major student and intellectual protest action against the government of the People's Republic of Poland. The crisis resulted in the suppression of student strikes by security forces in all major academic centres across the country and repression of the Polish students movement. -
Signing of Treaty of Warsaw
The Treaty of Warsaw it was a treaty between the West Germany and the People's Republic of Poland. In the treaty, both sides committed themselves to nonviolence and accepted the existing the Oder-Neisse line following the end of World War II. This had been a quite sensitive topic since then, as Poland was concerned that a German government might seek to reclaim some of the former eastern territories. -
strikes on the Polish coast in December 1970
The immediate cause of strikes and demonstrations was launched on December 12 increase in retail prices of meat, meat products and other articles The society responded with protest. The army and the police attacked the protesters, killing at least 42 people and injuring over 1000. The symbol of the strikes became Janek Wiśniewski, a young man shoot by the soldiers and carried by the other protesters on wooden door. -
The Polish protests on the coast
The Polish protests occurred in December 1970. The protests were sparked by a sudden increase of prices of food and other everyday items. As a result of the riots, which were put down by the Polish People's Army and the Citizen's Militia, at least 42 people were killed and more than 1,000 wounded. -
Colour TV in Hungary
This day brought the first regular transmission in colour in Hungary, and the test transmissions of a second channel were begun as well. This decade was probably the most proliferous in the history of the whole company, with thousands of hours of programming made. -
The Polytechnic uprising
The Polytechnic uprising in 1973 was a massive demonstration of people against the dictatorship. The uprising began on November 14, 1973, with occupation of the Technical University of Athens by students and ended in bloodshed on the morning of November 17, after a series of events that began with the entrance of a battle tank in the area of University and the reinstatement of the relevant martial law prohibiting concentrations and traffic in Athens and Thessaloniki. -
Rubik's Cube
Rubik's Cube is a 3-D combination puzzle invented by a Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture Ernő Rubik. Originally called the Magic Cube, In a classic Rubik's Cube, each of the six faces is covered by nine stickers, each of one of six solid colours: white, red, blue, orange, green, and yellow. In currently sold models, white is opposite yellow, blue is opposite green, and orange is opposite red, and the red, white and blu are arranged in that order in a clockwise arrangement. -
Cyprus Turkish Peace Operation
It was a Turkish Military Operation of the island country of Cyprus,in response to the 1974 Cypriot Coup.Turkish military operation resulted in the capture of 40% of the island. From August 1974,the ceasefire line became the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus and is commonly known as the Green Line. -
Collapsion of Greek dictatorship
On July 23, 1974, the seven-year dictatorship of April 21, under the weight of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, collapsed. The military handed over power to politicians and Konstantinos Karamanlis was sworn Prime Minister, Head of Government "National Unity" in the early hours of July 24. From this day begins the time of "post Junta" perhaps the brighter period of political history of the Greek state. -
Greek Monarchy rejected with a plebiscite
On December 8 1974 the constitutional issue closes permanently. Greek citizens are free to choose the republic referendum by 69.2%. With a plebiscite they confirmed the abolition of Monarch and the establishment of the Third Hellenic Republic. -
MSZMP Congress XI
Socialism started in Hungary in 1957. It was so strict but after 1975 this political system was getting laxer. It was revealed from many things, for example the congress of MSZMP announced the programme of „Structure of developed socialist society”, and Hungary started to follow the western system. -
Constitution of Greece
The Constitution of Greece was created by the Fifth Revision Parliament of the Hellenes and entered into force in 1975. It has been revised three times. The Constitutional history of Greece goes back to the Greek War of Independence (1821-1832), during which the first three revolutionary Greek constitutions were adopted -
strikes in Ursus and Radom
he term given to a wave of strikes and protests that took place in the People's Republic at the end of June 1976., after the announcement by the government of Peter Jaroszewicz drastic price increases on food products. -
Greek legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 20 November 1977. After Prime Minister Constantine Karamanlis called for early elections, his NEW DEMOCRACY party suffered a significant loss of power. However, Karamanlis managed to secure an absolute majority in the Parliament. The big surprise was the success of PASOK, whose socialistic rhetoric remained radical -
The Hungarian Crown Returned
In response to continual requests from the Hungarian government of Janos Kadar, the Hungarian Crown after undergoing extensive historical research to verify the crown as genuine, it was returned to the people of Hungary by order of U.S. President Jimmy Carter on 6 January 1978. The return of the Crown Treasure was of major symbolic importance to the Communist-led Hungarian government. -
Polish Cardinal Karol Wojtyła elected to become the Pope John Paul II
Karol Józef Wojtyła, a Polish cardinal (18 May 1920 ‒ 2 April 2005) was elected to become the Pope of the Catholic Church after the death of the former Pope John Paul I.John Paul II was the first non-Italian pope in 450 years.When the new pontiff appeared on the balcony, he broke tradition by addressing the gathered crowd. -
First papal trip to Poland
The first pilgrimage of Pope John Paul II to Poland started on the 2nd June 1979 and lasted 8 days. Its purpose was to celebrate St.Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr, one of the main patrons saints of Poland. He was welcomed and by millions of Poles who came to listen to him. This first papal trip to Poland uplifted the nation's spirit and sparked the formation of the Solidarity movement in 1980.Historians believe that this very trip contributed to the fall of Communism in the Eastern Europe. -
Accession of Greece in the EEC
After the fall of the junta Karamanlis formally submitted its application for membership to the EEC on June 12, 1975.The application for full membership was accepted by the Council of Ministers EEC, a year later, on February 9 1976.On May 28, 1979 signed in Athens the Accession Treaty, while on January 1, 1981 the official accession of Greece was finally reached in the European Community. -
Greek legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on Sunday, 18 October 1981. The political party PASOK, led by Andreas Papandreou, faced NEW DEMOCRACY, led by Georgios Rallis. Papandreou achieved a landslide and PASOK formed the first socialist government in the history of Greece. This was the high point of Greek euro scepticism, coming just months after the country's accession to the EU. -
Martial law in Poland
Martial law in Poland (Polish: Stan wojenny w Polsce) refers to the period of time from December 13, 1981. Led by General of the Army Wojciech Jaruzelski and the Military Council of National Salvation (Wojskowa Rada Ocalenia Narodowego, WRON) usurped for itself powers reserved for wartime, hence the name. The plan was presented to the government of the Soviet Union before the declaration in March 1981. -
Legalization of civil marriage in Greece
Since 1982, both civil and religious marriage ceremonies have been recognised by Greek law. Foreign nationals (even those not resident in Greece) can marry in Greece, as long as they allow sufficient time for the local authorities to receive and process their application. This includes supplying all the necessary documentation required for a marriage licence. The process takes a minimum of eight working days but there are other administrative requirements prior to submitting the application whic -
Hungarian film: Mephisto
It was directed by István Szabó awarded the 1982 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film; the film was submitted to the Academy by Hungary. To date it is the only Hungarian film to win the Foreign Language Oscar. The plot's bitter irony is that the protagonist's most fond dream is to play Mephisto - but in order to achieve this dream he in effect sells his soul, and realises too late that in reality he is Faustus. -
The death of Jerzy Popiełuszko
Jerzy Popiełuszko 14 September 1947 – 19 October 1984) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest who became associated with the opposition Solidarity trade union in communist Poland. He was murdered in 1984 by three agents of the internal intelligence agency, the Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs who were shortly thereafter tried and convicted of the murder. -
Turkey’s Full Membership Application to EU
Turkey applied for full membership in the EU in 1987.In 1999, Turkey was accepted as a candidate by the EU member states and began full membership negotiations in 2005. The negotiations are still ongoing between Turkey and EU. -
Greece wins Eurobasket
The 25th FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship was held in Greece between 3 and 14 June 1987. Twelve national teams entered the event. The host, Greece, won its first FIBA European title by defeating the defending champions and heavily favoured Soviet Union, with a 103–101 score in a gripping final decided in overtime. Greece's Nikos Galis was voted the tournament's MVP. -
Opening 'Iron Curtain' Borders
Mr Horn was prime minister from 1994 to 1998 but earned his place in the history books for the bold step of opening Hungary's border with Austria on September 11, 1989, allowing thousands of East Germans to travel to West Germany for the first time in nearly three decades. That was the first time that a member country of the then-Soviet bloc had opened up its ‘Iron Curtain’ borders to the West. Elsewhere in the bloc, communism was collapsing and Soviet domination was ending. -
Troop Withdrawal Agreement
Gyula Horn Hungarian foreign minister with Eduard Sevardnadze Soviet foreign minister prepared and signed the Hungarian-Soviet troop withdrawal agreement in Moscow. The presence of Soviet troops in Hungary was formalized by the 1949 "mutual assistance treaty", which granted the Soviet Union rights to a continued military presence, assuring ultimate political control. -
Árpád Göncz the 1st President
He was the1st President of Hungary after the Fall. He thus became Hungary's second freely elected head of state, and the first in 42 years, who had no past ties to Communism. He was re-elected in 1995 for another five-year term which he completed on August 4, 2000. In 2000, he was honoured with the Vision for Europe Award for his efforts in creating a unified Europe. In these periods he was very well received by the public, as he succeeded to remain free from politics, -
Regime Change
In 1989 reformers within the Communist Party agreed to "round table" -talks with notable opposition leaders, laying the groundwork for multi-party democracy and a free market economy. That May, Hungary began taking down its barbed wire fence along the Austrian border – the first tear in the Iron Curtain — and in the first free elections in 1990, the centre-right Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF) led by József Antall won an overwhelming majority in the Parliament with a clear mandate. -
Founding of Bp Stock Exchange
With 41 founding members the Current Budapest Stock Exchange was founded. -
Boxing World Champion
In 1991 István Kovács, nicknamed Ko-Ko or sometimes The Cobra, won the gold medal at the European Championships in Gothenburg and later this year he also won the World Championship in Sydney. Due to his outstanding achievements he was elected the Sportsman of the Year besides those competitors like the legendary medley swimmer Tamás Darnyi who was elected the World Swimmer of the Year and from wrestling the world champion Péter Farkas. -
Last Soviet Soldier
Colonel Shilov, the last Soviet soldier left Hungary. From 10th March 1990 55,000 Soviet soldiers and their dependents left Hungary, taking about 60,000 of the 560,000 tons of equipment they had stored there. There were 5,750 buildings left on the 60 army camps and 10 air bases maintained by the Soviet Army in Hungary. The Soviets asked for 50 billion as compensation for the "Soviet investment" in Hungary. -
Mediterranean Games in Athens
The 11th edition of the Mediterranean Games were held in Athens, Greece from the 28th of June to the 12th of July 1991. Eighteen nations competed in 24 different sporting events. 2.762 athlets from18 different nations participated. It was officially opened by Konstantinos Karamanlis. -
Schengen Agreement
In 9th of November Greece singed the Schengen Agreement. The Schengen Agreement led to the creation of Europe's borderless Schengen Area in 1995. The Schengen agreement provided for harmonisation of visa policies, allowing of residents in border areas freedom to cross borders away from fixed checkpoints and the replacement of passport checks with visual surveillance of vehicles at reduced speed vehicle checks that allowed vehicles to cross borders without stopping. -
Eurovision Song Contest
In the early stages of the voting it looked as if Hungary was surging to victory in its first-ever Eurovision appearance, winning the maximum twelve points from the first three juries. However, this turned out to be completely deceptive, as from that point on it was virtually one-way traffic for Ireland, which became the first country to win the contest for a third year in succession. The Hungarian singer, Friderika Bayer sang a beautiful song called ‘Kinek mondjam el vétkeimet’. -
Elections
The MDF advocated a gradual transition towards open markets, but the economic changes of the early 1990s resulted in declining living standards for most people in Hungary. The Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP), consisting in large part of former communists such as its leader Gyula Horn, won the 1994 elections and formed a coalition government with the Free Democrats (SzDSz). -
Constitution of Poland
Formally known as the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. It replaced the temporary amendments put into place in 1992 designed to reverse the effects of Communism, establishing the nation as "a democratic state ruled by law and implementing the principles of social justice". It was adopted by the National Assembly of Poland on 2 April 1997, approved by a national referendum on 25 May 1997, and came into effect on 17 October 1997. -
World Athletics Championship in Athens
The 6th World Championships in Athletics, under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at the Olympic Stadium, Athens, Greece. 1882 athletes from 198 participant nations participated in this event . Athens used the successful organization of the World Championships the next month during the IOC Session in Lausanne during its campaign to host the 2004 Summer Olympics as positive proof of Greece's ability and readiness to organize international events. -
Hungarian Grand Prix
1997- Hungarian Grand Prix, also called the XIII Marlboro Magyar Nagydij, was a Formula One motor race held at Hungaroring Budapest, Hungary on 10 August 1997. The race, contested over 77 laps and was won by Jacques Villeneuve. -
European Union Membership
In 1998, the European Union began negotiations with Hungary on full membership. In a 2003 national referendum, 85% voted in favour of Hungary joining to the European Union. A conference took place in 1998 with the Hungarian, Slovenian, Czech, Polish and the Estonian prime minster. -
Joining to NATO
The NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) was found in Washington in 1949. This treaty has Northern-American and European states. During this period, all four main political parties advocated economic liberalization and closer ties with the West. Hungary joined to NATO in 1999, followed almost immediately thereafter by its involvement in the Yugoslav Wars. -
GS wins the UEFA cup
Galatasaray (GS) is one of the most important football team in Turkey.They played a final match with Arsenal on the 17th May,2000.The match finished with the score of 0-0.But by the penalty shoots, GS won the UEFA cup with the score of 4-1. -
Greece becomes member of Economic and Monetary Union
Greece signs up for her incorporation in the Economic and Monetary Union. Greece, which did not fulfil the convergence criteria in 1998, requested a re-evaluation of its situation in 2000. The Commission then delivered a favourable opinion and Greece officially entered the 3rd phase of EMU on 1 January 2001. The third stage of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is the introduction of the euro and the implementation of a common monetary policy in the European Union Member States. -
2000 Olympic Games
178 Hungarian competitors took part in the Olympic Games in Sydney. During this sport event we collected seventeen medals, eight gold medals. Hungarians played in fifteen different sports. Some gold medallist: Ágnes Kovács (swimming) Gábor Horváth, Zoltán Kammerer,Botond Storcz,Ákos Vereczkei The Hungarian Wate polo Team. -
The Pope John Paul II visits Greece
The Pope John Paul II visits Greece. This is the first visit, after the East-West Schism, that a Pope of the Roman Catholic makes. The Holy Father, after landing at the international airport of Athens on Friday morning, 4 May 2001, went to the Presidential Palace, where a ceremony of welcome took place. In his address to the President, Mr. Kostas Stephanopoulos, the Pope said, "My wish is in some way to recognize the great debt which we all owe to Greece". -
Status Law
The Hungarian parliament has voted overwhelmingly in favour of a new law aimed at helping more than three million ethnic Hungarians who live in neighbouring (Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia) countries to work and study in Hungary.
The conservative government, which sponsored the bill, said the legislation will help to protect the cultural identity of Hungarian minorities in the lands where they have lived for centuries. -
Euro is the new currency of Greece
The Euro is the new 'single currency' of the European Monetary Union, adopted on January 1, 1999 by 11 Member States. Greece became the 12th Member state to adopt the Euro on January 1, 2001. On January 1, 2002, these 12 countries officially introduced the Euro banknotes and coins as legal tender. Euro banknotes and coins are used for the first time, by 12 State-Members of the E.E. Drachma is not a legal currency anymore. -
Chess Olympiad in Bled
The 2002 Bled Olympiad was the first to test for drugs through a urine sample. All 802 players passed. The last time when a Hungarian team won medal at the Chess Olympiad was in 1980. In 2002 we took the silver medal in the open competition and fifth place in the women's competition. Both teams made an excellent result. -
Nobel Prize in Literature
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2002 was awarded to Imre Kertész"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history". Kertész's first novel, Sorstalanság (Fateless) is a work based on his experiences in Auschwitz and Buchenwald, was published in 1975. Kertész says himself that he has used the form of the autobiographical novel but it is not an autobiography (http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2002/) -
Turkey wins Eurovision
48th Eurovision Song Contest was held at the Skonto Hall , on 24 May 2003 in Riga, Latvia 's capital . Competing on behalf of Turkey , Sertab Erener was the winner of the contest with " Everyway That I Can " song getting 167 points. -
Barcelona World Championship
Marton Szivos and Viktor Nagy delivered when needed as Hungary won a third men’s Water Polo World Championship by beating Montenegro on the final day at the Bernat Picornell Pool.
Hungary just loves winning in Barcelona, collecting the crown in 2003 and the title 30 years earlier in 1973. It was also the 10th medal won at these championships, more than any pother nation. -
Joining to the European Union
Hungary joined to the European Union in 2004. It was the biggest expansion in the European Union’s history, because ten countries joined to the EU. Cyprus , the Czech Republic, Estonia , Latvia , Lithuania, Hungary , Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. That means at this time the EU had more than 100 million new citizens. -
Hungarian new President
Parliament chooses opposition backed Laszlo Solyom as next president after Socialists' candidate is blocked by their Free Democrat coalition partners. -
National Team soccer of Greece is European Champion
The National Team of soccer wins the organizing team of Portugal with 1-0 and acclaimed as European Champion. This was the first and only time a Greek team won a European title in this sport. -
Olympic Games, Athens 2004
After 108 years the modern Olympics returned to the country of their birth. The Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home. 10.625 athletes competed, from 202 countries. The Greece won 16 medals (6 gold, 6 silver, 4 bronze). -
Paralympics Games in Athens
The 2004 Summer Paralympics were held in Athens, Greece. The twelfth Paralympics Games, an estimated 4,000 athletes took part in the Athens programme, with ages ranging from 11 to 66. Paralympic events had already taken place during the 2004 Summer Olympics as demonstration sports– women's 800 m and men's 1500 m wheelchair races. Greece won 3 gold, 13 silver and 4 bronze medals. -
Hungarians outside Hungary
Low turnout invalidates referendum on whether or not to offer citizenship to some five million ethnic Hungarians living outside Hungary. Parliament ratifies EU constitution. -
The death of Pope John Paul II
On 2 April 2005, Pope John Paul II died in his private apartment at 21:37 CEST (19:37 UTC) of heart failure from profound hypotension and complete circulatory collapse from septic shock, 46 days before his 85th birthday. He had no close family by the time of his death; his feelings are reflected in his words written in 2000 at the end of his Last Will and Testament.Stanisław Dziwisz later said he had not burned the pontiff's personal notes despite the request being part of the will. -
Greece wins Eurovision
Greece wins first place for the first time in its Eurovision Song Contest history, with the song “My number One” performed by Elena Paparizou, with Natalia Germanou’s lyrics and Christos Dantis’s music. -
Patra is cultural capital of Europe
Patras, the third largest city of Greece was declared Cultural Capital of Europe for the year 2006. The “European Capitals of Culture” scheme was launched in 1985 by the Council of Ministers on the initiative of Melina Mercouri, the then Minister of Culture. During 2006 the diversity of a broadened European cultural mosaic celebrated through a series of cultural events which attracted a large number of visitors, both within the country and abroad. -
Catastrophic Flood
More than 10,000 troops and police battle floodwaters as the Danube river reaches record levels. The Danube river was 865 cm (28 ft 4 in) high in Budapest, Hungary, higher than the previous record of 848 cm in 2002. During the floods, approximately 11,000 buildings were in danger of flood damage, 32,000 people were threatened by the water, and 1.72 square kilometres (475 acres) of land were actually under water. -
Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány
General elections return to power Socialist-led coalition under Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsany. Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary. The Hungarian Socialist Party emerged as the largest party in the National Assembly with 186 of the 386 seats, and continued the coalition government with the Alliance of Free Democrats. -
Greece takes over the presidency of the UN Security Council
The UN Charter established six main organs of the United Nations, including the Security Council. It gives primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security to the Security Council. All members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council. While other organs of the United Nations make recommendations to member states, only the Security Council has the power to make decisions. -
Turkey wins the Nobel Prize
Ferit Orhan Pamuk (.June 7, 1952 , Istanbul) , is one of the most important authors Turkey . As well as winning the Nobel Prize in 2006, he has been one of the youngest person to receive the award. His books have been translated into sixty different languages , and his books were published in more than a hundred countries. Orhan Pamuk won the Nobel Prize for Literature on October 12, 2006.He is the winner of the Nobel Prize in history as the first citizen of the Republic of Turkey . -
Panathinaikos won Basketball Euroleague
Panathinaikos won the 4th European title (Euroleague), in the final in the Olympic Stadium. The Euroleague is an international professional basketball club competition for elite clubs throughout Europe. The final of the competition was held in the Olympic Indoor Hall in Athens, Greece, the home court of Panathinaikos, with Panathinaikos defeating defending champions CSKA Moscow. -
Hungary Joined the Schengen Area
Hungary joined the Schengen-area ensuring the true freedom of movement of people. Airport border controls were only abolished from 30th March 2008. The Area is named after the Schengen Agreement. Countries in the Schengen Area have eliminated internal border controls with the other Schengen members, and strengthened external border controls with non-Schengen states. The Schengen area encourages the free movement of goods, information, money and people. -
Greece’s veto in Skopje's accession to NATO
Greece’s veto is exercised in Skopje's accession to NATO at the Spring Meeting of the Alliance in Bucharest. Greece rejected the name "Republic of Macedonia (Skopje)". -
Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash killing Polish President
Tupolev Tu-154M aircraft of the Polish Air Forcecrashed near the city of Smolensk, Russia, killing all 96 people on board among them President of Poland Lech Kaczyński and his wife Maria, former president Ryszard Kaczorowski, the chief of the Polish General Staff and other senior Polish military officers, the president of the National Bank of Poland, Poland's deputy foreign minister, Polish government officials, 18 members of the Polish parliament and senior members of the Polish clergy. -
Economic joint aid mechanism for Greece
Because of the economic crisis, Greece resorted to the help of the International Monetary Fund, the European Commission and the European Central Bank, which formed a joint aid mechanism for Greece. The notice of appeal in support mechanism took place by Prime Minister George A. Papandreou. -
Dual Citizenship
Parliament passes law allowing ethnic Hungarians living abroad to apply for Hungarian citizenship. Slovakia protests at move, accusing Hungary of revisionism, and threatens to strip any Slovak who applies for dual nationality of their Slovak citizenship. -
Malev Goes Bankrupt.
MALÉV flag carrier and principal airline of Hungary between 1946 and 2012. It had its head office in Budapest, with its main operations at Budapest Liszt Ferenc International Airport. On 3 February 2012, Malév stopped flying and on 14 February 2012 was declared insolvent and ordered liquidated by the Metropolitan Court of Budapest -
Successful Hungarian Satellite
The first indigenous Hungarian satellite MaSat-1 was successfully launched from the Guiana Space Centre. It has been launched together with LARES and other CubeSat satellites, coming from other European countries. With MaSat-1, Hungary has become number 47 on the list of space nations. -
High rates of 'Chrisi Avgi' in Greece
In the Greek national elections of 2012 the party "CHRISI AVGI" managed to collect high rate stands at 6.92%. It was the first time in the country's history that a far-right party took so high rates, which caused great sensation. -
Water polo Championship
Hungary finished runners-up at the FINA Men's World Youth Water Polo Championships in Australia, after losing the final against Italy to 8–10. The tournament MVP award was given to Hungary's Toni Német. In the women's competition Hungarians finished second as well, falling short to Greece 5–9 in the decisive match. -
Elections in Hungary
The clear victory for Prime Minister Viktor Orbán come as no surprise, yet will likely affect Hungary’s position in dealing with other countries in the EU which have previously criticised Orbán’s style of governing and several policies that have limited press freedom. The election results have also further strengthened the position of Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and have ensured the re-election of president János Ader (also Fidesz) in 2017. -
Canonization of Pope John Paul II.
On 4 July 2013, Pope Francis confirmed his approval of John Paul II's canonisation. He was canonised together with Pope John XXIII. The canonisation Mass for Blessed Popes John Paul II and John XXIII, was celebrated on 27 April 2014, Divine Mercy Sunday, in St. Peter's Square at the Vatican. About 150 cardinals and 700 bishops concelebrated the Mass, and at least 500,000 people attended the Mass. -
Cannes Film Festival
Fur flies and blood flows in “White God,” a fierce and beautiful Hungarian parable about a girl, her dog, and the uprising that’s sparked after they are separated. Directed by Kornel Mundruczo, 39, the movie is being presented in Un Certain Regard, a section of the Cannes Film Festival for work that tends to be more adventurous than that in the main competition. Such is the case with “White God,” which goes from melodrama to hallucination after the girl’s father throws the dog into the streets. -
Mass protest
Thousands of Hungarians gather in streets of Budapest to protest country's plans to tax Internet use, move seen as way to cut off public debate by limiting information not controlled by the rightist government of Prime Minister Viktor Orban. -
'Illiberal democracy' in Hungary
Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban openly advocates authoritarian 'illiberal democracy' and, unlike many Eastern European countries, is strengthening ties with Russia; Western leaders and internal opponents draw comparisons with Russian Pres Vladimir Putin as Orban rapidly centralizes power and cracks down on dissent. -
The leftist party "SYRIZA" win in Greek national elections
In the 2015 Greek national elections, the party "SYRIZA" managed to concentrate rates touching the 36.34%. It is worth noting that the country elected a leftist party for the first time ever, showing the anger of citizens by the previous regimes. -
Constitution of the Polish People's Republic
The Constitution of the Polish People's Republic (also known as July Constitution or Constitution of 1952) was passed on 22 July 1952. Created by the Polish communists it was based on the 1936 Soviet Constitution and it superseded the post-war provisional Small Constitution of 1947. The Russian text of the Constitution was reviewed and corrected by Joseph Stalin and later translated into Polish. It legalized the communist legislature and practices as they had been introduced to Poand.
