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Infants develop a sense of reliance on a caregiver. They either trust or mistrust the caregiver to meet their needs. This establishes feelings of hope or mistrust.
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Children begin to understand their world through their five senses. Key behaviors include tasting, touching, and manipulating a variety of objects.
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Children between 18 months and 3 years of age begin to behave independently of their caregiver. Events such as potty training take place. It is imperative that children have the opportunity to explore their independence with positive reinforcement and minimal critique.
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Children begin to understand the concept of object permeance and gain a more clear comprehension of their physical environment. Their understanding is primarily limited to symbols and images.
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Children between the ages of 3 and 6 gain an increased amount of independence. They begin to develop an ear for responsibility and begin to take initiative and be assertive of their likes and dislikes. They may develop feelings of guilt if they are not given a chance to take initiative and assert independence.
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Children continue to develop a more in depth understanding of preoperational concepts. In addition, they begin to understand more complex concepts such as the conservation of mass.
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Children aged 6 to 12 years begin to determine a greater sense of self and take pride in their success and work. They become more closely connected to peers as opposed to parental figures and give value to the opinions of others. .
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Children experience physical changes as they approach puberty age. During this time, children undergo additional emotional and social developments. They place a greater emphasis on peer relationships and gain a sense of privacy and autonomy.
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Who am I? Children question their identity and their role within society. They may struggle with personal indecisiveness as they establish a more firm understanding of likes and dislikes.
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Children begin to place greater emphasis on peer relationships and the opinions of others. An increased value is placed on physical attractiveness and perceived ability to succeed. Children may experiment or rebel against their norm as they develop a more firm identity. They are increasingly self involved.
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Students begin to develop abstract thoughts. They are able to hypotheses and make predictions for the future, They understand most complex concepts.
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Children reach full maturity level physically. They have more concern for the future and their role within society. Individuals are able to better function independently of parental figures and gain financial and social independence.
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Adults aged 18 to 40 years attempt to establish meaningful long lasting relationships and a sense of love. A negative outcome would be feelings of isolation and developing reclusive behaviors.
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Middle aged adults reflect on their legacy and what they contribute to society. Individuals often strive to five back to the younger generation and make an impact for the future.
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Adults over the age of 65 reflect upon their life. They view it as either fulfilled and full of integrity or lacking fulfillment and developing feelings of despair.