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Alexis de Tocqueville
1835-published Democracy in America; identified the value he found critical to America's success:-Egalitarianism (equality)-Individualism -Laissez-faire(hands off_-Liberty-Populism (popular sovereignty) -
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The Gilded Age – Post Reconstruction [1877] - 1900
A period of expansion, industrialization, immigration and urbanization with significant effects on Native Americans, workers, immigrants, and the rise of big business in the late 19th century. -
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Age of Imperialism and Reform – 1898 - 1919
During the early 20th century the U.S. entered a new historical era: an Age of Expansionism beyond our natural borders as the country moved from isolationism. U.S. imperialism led to involvement in the Spanish-American War, changing policies in Latin America and Asia and eventually to World War I. At home, reformers made efforts to correct economic and social abuses of the Gilded Age. -
16th Amendments
allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census. -
17th Amendment
established direct election of United States Senators by popular vote. -
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World War I – 1914 – 1918
This was an era in which the global conflict of World War I and its effects had an impact on all Americans. -
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The Roaring 20s
This was also an era of significant prosperity and social change as Americans became more isolationist and responded to significant change in social norms, consumerism, technological advances and artistic achievement. -
18th Amendment
effectively established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport and sale of (though not the consumption or private possession of) alcohol illegal -
19th Amendment
prohibits any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex. -
Warren G. Harding
-President from 1921-1923-Called for a "return to normalcy"-less foreign involvement; emphasis on prosperity at home.-Appointed friends to positions;Teapot Dome scandal tainted his reputation. -
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson
1 Jan 1921 President from 1913-1921 Advocate fro women's suffrage President during WWIProposed Fourteen Points as a basis for post war peace Supported US membership in League of Nations; US failed to join -
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Great Depression: 1930s
Beginning with the Stock Market Crash in 1929, this era is marked by severe depression and the increasing role of the Federal government to improve the economy -
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Rise of Dictators and World War II – 1930s and 1940s
The rise of totalitarian governments in Europe and East Asia led to World War II and involvement of the United States in that conflict -
Douglas MacArthur
Commander of US army in the Pacific during WWIICommander of US forces in Korean ConflictDisagreement with Truman over use of nuclear weapons in North Korea and China.Public criticism of Truman led to his removal -
George S. Patton
Commander of US forces in North Africa and Sicily Led Third Army across EuropeThrought US should turn on & flight Russians after Germany's surrender -
Omar Bradley
World War II generalSelected by Eisenhower to lead US forces into France after Normady invasionCommander during Battle of the BulgePused his troops for the final offensive into Germany -
Harry S. Truman
-President form 1945-1953-Used atomic weapons against Japan to bring WWI to an end.-Assisted in the founding of the United Nations.-Executed policy to contain communism(Truman Doctrine) -
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
1 Jan 1945 -President from 1932-1945 (elected to 4 terms)-Pulled country out of Great Depression with New Deal.-Declared war on Japan after bombing of Pearl Harbor - US entered WWI.-Worked closely with Winston Churchill during WWII -
Chester W. Nimitz
-Commander of Pacific Fleet during WWII.Commander at Battle of Midway victory-Successfully organized halt of Japenese advances. -
John J. Pershing
-Named Commander of American Expeditionary Force (AEF) during WWI by Woodrow Wilson-Insisted that US soldiers fight as a unit and not be spread throughout French forces.-Led forces at Battle of Argonne Forest. -
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Civil Rights – 1950s, 1960s and beyond
This era highlights the issues of emerging rights for minorities and the leaders and critical events of the modern 20th century civil rights movement. -
Joseph McCarthy
Conducted hearings to identify Communists he claimed infiltrated US governmentNo proof of his allegations ever providedLed to a "which" hunt for Communists -
Rosa Parks
didnt give seat to white manmontgomery bus boycott -
Dwight D. Eisenhower
-Supreme Commander of D-DAY &allied invasion of Europe in WWII-President from 1953-1961 (2 terms)-Created the Interstate Highway System in 1956-Extended US containment of communism policy to Middle East. -
George Marshall
-Amry Chief os Staff and advisor to Roosevelt during WWII.-Churchill referred to him as the "organizer of victory"-Create Marshall Plan designed to rebuild the economies and spirits of Europe.-Served as Truman's Secretary of State. -
John F. Kennedy
-President from 1961-1963--Supported Space Race - John Glenn orbited earth-Embarrased by Bay of Pigs Invasion (unsuccessful attempt to overthrow Castro)-created Alliance for Progress & Peace Corp - programs to promote progress in under developed countried to discourage the spread of communism. -Avoided nuclear showdown- Cuban Missile Crisis -
Martin Luther KIng Jr.
Martin Luther KIng Jr.
22 Apr 1963 motgomery bus boycott (1955)march on washington(1963) -
24th Amendment
Prohibits any poll tax . A poll tax was when a citizen had to pay a fee to vote in a national election. -
26th Amendment
People who were 18 can vote now, since in Vietnam they will fight, so they can vote, too. -
Phyllis Schlafly
Conservative activist Founder of Eagle Forum - opposes modern feminism Campaigned agaisnt Equal Rights Amendment" -
Richard Nixon
President from 1969-1974Normalized (rreopened) relations with Red China (1972)Introduced ditente with Soviet Union (relaxing of tension and de-escalating arms race)Resigned office to avoid impeachement after Watergate scandal/ -
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Cold War – Post WWII through the 1980s
This post-war era is marked by issues of communism vs. democracy in Europe and America after World War II. It includes the United States and the Soviet Union as competing superpowers in the balance of power. The escalation of the Cold War from containment to the outbreak of the Korean War and foreign policies of the Kennedy / Johnson years including the growing conflict in Vietnam as well as the ending of the Cold War in the 1980s. -
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Late 20th Contemporary Issues 1980s – 2000
An era of change as the U.S. experienced the end of the Cold War, new conflicts in the Middle East, the impeachment of a President and a controversial election to begin a new century -
Sandra Day O' Connor
-Appointed to Supreme Court in 1981-First female Justice-Established her voice as a swing vot between conservatives & liberals -
Hector P Garcia
Mexican American physician & surgeon during WWIIHuman rights advocated and founder of American GI Forum First Mexican American to serve on US Commission on Civil Rights Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom (highest civilian honor) in 1984 -
Ronald Reagan
President from 1981-1989Reduced taxes & regulations to encourage business activity - ReaganomicsBelieved you achieved peace by being prepared for war - "Peace Through Streght "His presidency saw the beginings of the end of the Cold War. -
Cesar Chavez
-Leader of Chicano Movement to eliminate racism against Mexican Americans-Organized farm workers in California-Demanded increased wages and better working conditions.-Emphasized non violent methods boycotts, strikes, hunger fasts. -
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21st Century
21st Century
Early in this century America dealt with a new threat of terrorism at home with the attacks on the World Trade Center on 9/11 and a decade of the “War Against Terror”. This era also marked the election of the first African-American President of the United States in 2008 -
Betty Friedan
-Leader in Women's Liberation Movement -Helped form NOW (National Organization of Women)-became central voice of Women's Movement.Wrote the Feminine Mystique.-challenged the traditional role of women. -
Barack Obama
1st African American to be elected PresidentAppointed Sonia Sotomayor to Supreme Court Supported health care reforms & banking reforms -
Bill Clinton
President from 1993-2001 (2 terms)Balanced federal budget cut spending, raised taxes on rich and closed military basesSupported NAFTA - gradually phased out tariffs.Stood agaisnt human rights abuse in Kosovo and ChinaAvoided impeachment - vote went along party lines
