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Period: to
2014-2015
- EJ Focus: Lead-contaminated water crisis in Flint, Michigan, disproportionately affecting low-income and predominantly African American communities.
- Leader: Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha, a pediatrician, and activist.
- Key Event: Dr. Hanna-Attisha releases a study revealing elevated lead levels in children's blood, sparking public outrage and investigations.
- EJ Focus: Lead-contaminated water crisis in Flint, Michigan, disproportionately affecting low-income and predominantly African American communities.
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Period: to
April 25, 2014
EJ Focus: The City of Flint switches its water source to the Flint River to save money, leading to water quality issues.
- Key Event: Flint residents notice discolored, foul-smelling water flowing from their taps. -
Period: to
September 24, 2015
- EJ Focus: EPA acknowledges concerns but does not declare an emergency.
- Key Event: Virginia Tech researcher Marc Edwards confirms lead contamination in Flint's water supply.
- EJ Focus: EPA acknowledges concerns but does not declare an emergency.
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Period: to
January 16, 2016
- EJ Focus: National attention and activism increase.
- Key Event: President Barack Obama declares a federal emergency in Flint, providing federal resources to address the crisis.
- EJ Focus: National attention and activism increase.
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Period: to
March 7, 2019
- EJ Focus: Long-term consequences and recovery efforts.
- Key Event: The State of Michigan announces a $600 million settlement for Flint residents affected by the water crisis, addressing health and infrastructure issues.