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1564
Galileo Galilei
Challenged the geocentric model with support of the heliocentric theory. Laid the foundation for the Enlightenment. -
Isaac Newton
Defined the laws of motion and established the Enlightenment belief. -
John Locke
Writings that advocated for the protection of natural rights. -
Voltaire
Advocated for the freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and the separation of church and state. -
Montesquieu
Proposed the idea of separation of government -
Encyclopedie
Work by Denis Diderot that compiled Enlightenment knowledge. Promoted thinking and new ideas about science, religion, politics, and society. -
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Introduced the concept of popular sovereignty and the idea that people should be involved in government decisions. -
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Adopted by the National Assembly and declared the natural rights of men. -
The Storming of the Bastille
The start of the French Revolution. The Bastille prison was stormed to symbolize the overthrowing of the old regime. -
The Reign of Terror
Thousands were executed because they were perceived as enemies of the Revolution. -
Execution of King Louis XVI
Executed after being convicted of treason. -
Maximilien Robspierre
Very influential leader during the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror. -
Napolean Bonapatre's Rise to Power
Established a new centralized government and brought stability -
Napoleon's Coronation
Crowned himself Emperor of the French and controlled the nation -
Battle of Austerlitz
Solidified Napoleon's dominance in Europe and showcased his military genius. -
Napoleon's Russian Campaign
Invaded Russia and caused destruction of vital supplies. -
The BAttle of Leipzig
Napoleon was defeated and signaled the decline of his empire. -
Napoleon's Exile
After his defeat he was exiled to the island Elba -
The Congress of Vienna
European powers meet to restore the political order before Napoleon. -
The Battle of Waterloo
Final defeat of Napoleon. This marked the end of his rule.