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Queen Elizabeth dies at the age of 70. This was the end of the Tudor dynasty. King James began the Stuart dynasty around the same time.
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The petition prohibited the passing of taxes without Parliament's consent. Charles rejected the bill, realizing that it put restrictions on the king's power.
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Complaints reached a height to where the country was divided between the Roundheads and Cavaliers.
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Parliament proves to have the upperhand with Cromwell's New Model Army, and they come out victorious.
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After Cromwell had become a malicious dictator, he planned on completely over-powering the Parliament and the king, and the only way to do that was to have him executed.
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Cromwell ruled until his death, and this allowed Charles II to come out of exile and assume his thrown.
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After Parliament royally ticks Charles II off with the Exclusion Bill, he needs to foil it somehow
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Once King Charles II had died, James II assumed the throne