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The earliest crankshaft concepts have been found in the Hierapolis sawmill. Wikipedia Article
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Al-jazari invented an early version of the crankshaft. He incorporated the crank-connecting rod concept in his twin cylinder pump.
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European inventors experimented and created the first water pump powered by a explosion. This is the piston and cylinder concept used in modern engines.
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John Stevens builds the first internal combustion engine in America.
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American Samuel Morey received a patent for his "gas or vapor engine". This is the first recorded use of the carburetor.
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The earliest confirmed patent of the 4-cycle engine, by Alphonse Beau de Rochas.
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Karl Benz was granted a patent for his internal combustion engine, a reliable two-stroke gas engine.
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British engineer Edward Butler made the first petrol (gasoline) engine. He invented the spark plug, ignition magneto, coil ignition and the spray jet carburetor - all used in modern engines. He also was the first to use the word patrol.
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German engineer Gottlieb Daimler receives a patent for his supercharger, an invention used in modern engines.
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Rudolf Diesel receives a patent for a "compression ignition" or Diesel engine.
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Swedish engineer Jonas Hesselman created the hesselman engine, representing the first use of direct injection.
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Schmidt patents a pulse-jet engine, a very basic type of jet engine.
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Hans von Ohain's Heinkel He 178 V1 pioneer turbojet aircraft prototype makes its first flight, powered by an He S 3 von Ohain engine.