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The Importance of Gender as an Aspect of Identity at Key Transition Points in Compulsory Education
“The Importance of Gender as an Aspect of Identity at Key Transition Points in Compulsory Education” by Carolyn Jackson and Jo Warin talks about how gender in itself plays a significant role in a person’s sense of who they are. The main focus of this article is how gender affects different transitions throughout life; specifically the transition into primary school (elementary and middle school in America) and then the transition to secondary school (high school and college in America). (part1) -
Jackson, Carolyn, and Jo Warin. "The Importance of Gender as an Aspect of Identity at Key Transition Points in Compulsory Education." British Educational Research Journal 26.3 (2000): 375-91. Web.
The goal of this article is to understand why gender is as important to someone as they transition from something that is familiar to them, to something unfamiliar. Both authors sought to reveal just how gender affected the day to day lives of the children that they were studying, both in a social context and an academic context. The article also goes on to explain the nature of a sense of self as well as the function that it has in day to day life. (part2) -
The Relationships Between Childhood Tomboyism, Siblings' Activities, and Adult Gender Roles
“The Relationships Between Childhood Tomboyism, Siblings' Activities, and Adult Gender Roles” by Michele Van Volkom is an article consisting of two studies which were designed to study the relationship between whether having siblings and participating in typically masculine activities, could influence gender variant behavior. The first study in the article is the one that examines the participation in typically masculine activities by females influences their gendered behavior later in (part1) -
Volkom, Michele Van. "The Relationships Between Childhood Tomboyism, Siblings' Activities, and Adult Gender Roles." Sex Roles 49.11/12 (2003): 609-18. Web.
life. The second study was a replication of the first, however, it was designed to include more variables such as ethnicity and mother’s employment status. The article mentions that the girls in the study where usually not discouraged from participation in gender variant behavior, which could be associated with masculine activities in adulthood; and it touches on how parental values and traditions influence gender variant behaviors. Later on in the article, it mentions how girls in this (part 2) -
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study may have tried to emulate their brother’s behavior in the hopes to improve their social standing because masculine behavior tends to be more accepted in society. -
Brown, Patcicia L. "Supporting Boys or Girls When the Line Isn't Clear." Supporting Boys or Girls When the Line Isn’t Clear - New York Times (n.d.): n. pag. New York Times, 2 Dec. 2006. Web. 12 Sept. 2014.
Later in the article, the desire to dress and act as the opposite gender is wondered to be mere feelings of childhood curiosity instead of gender dysphoric feelings. The overall feeling in the article is that allowing children to express their gender variant behavior while they are young, will help them later in life to be more confident and content in their sense of self. (part2) -
Supporting Boys or Girls When the Line Isn't Clear
Supporting Boys or Girls When the Line Isn’t Clear by Patricia Brown is an article from the New York Times talking about how a growing number of parents, teachers, and mental health professionals are more open to allowing children to express themselves as they wish. Doctors from top pediatric hospitals are even advising families to allow their child to be who they are because of the high rate of depression and self-harm in the LGBT community; especially in transgender children. (part1) -
Desisting and Persisting Gender Dysphoria After Childhood: A Qualitative Follow-up Study
“Desisting and Persisting Gender Dysphoria after Childhood: A Qualitative Follow-up Study” is an article that was written in 2011 by Thomas D. Steesman, Roeline Biemond, Fijgje de Boer, and Peggy T. Cohen-Kettenis, that aims to gain a better understanding of the development of children who experience gender dysphoria. The article presents a study in which twenty five adolescents who were diagnosed with Gender Identity Disorder who were also interviewed during childhood. It goes on to (part1) -
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a desire to be the other gender, their motives and reasoning’s were different. -
Steensma, T. D., R. Biemond, F. De Boer, and P. T. Cohen-Kettenis. "Desisting and Persisting Gender Dysphoria after Childhood: A Qualitative Follow-up Study." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 16.4 (2011): 499-516. Web.
to determine the percentage of those whose gender dysphoria persisted throughout their life, and the percentage of those whose gender dysphoria desisted (remitted). The article talks about how the changes in their social environment and the oncoming onset of puberty may have been related to their interests later on in life and their preferences on gender related activities. The study also shows that while both groups (those whose gender dysphoria continued and those whose did not) showed(part2) -
Childhood Gender Nonconformity: A Risk Indicator for Childhood Abuse and Posttraumatic Stress in Youth
“Childhood Gender Nonconformity: A Risk Indicator for Childhood Abuse and Posttraumatic Stress in Youth” by Andrea L. Roberts, Margaret Rosario, Heather L. Corliss, Karestan C. Koenen, and S. Bryn Austin is an article that mainly focuses on how gender nonconformity in childhood associates with abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder. The article begins by talking about how gender nonconformity in childhood has previously been associated with poor relationships with parents, (part1) -
Roberts, A. L., M. Rosario, H. L. Corliss, K. C. Koenen, and S. B. Austin. "Childhood Gender Nonconformity: A Risk Indicator for Childhood Abuse and Posttraumatic Stress in Youth." Pediatrics 129.3 (2012): 410-17. Web.
however not much is known about whether or not it is associated with abuse or PTSD. To determine the association (or lack thereof) between childhood gender nonconformity and abuse or PTSD, the authors conducted a study which included a survey given to adults which asked about their experiences before the age of eleven and then went on to ask about their experiences as an adult and how their early childhood experiences affected them as they got older. (part2) -
Self-Perceived Gender Typicality, Gender-Typed Attributes, and Gender Stereotype Endorsement in Elementary-School-Aged Children
“Self-Perceived Gender Typicality, Gender-Typed Attributes, and Gender Stereotype Endorsement in Elementary-School-Aged Children” by Meagan M. Patterson is an article about how children perceived their gender typicality and how that affected their behavior. The study that this article is about examined the relations among gender typicality, gender stereotype endorsement, and gender typed attitudes. The study in this article also talks about how even young children make decisions and (part1) -
Patterson, Meagan M. "Self-Perceived Gender Typicality, Gender-Typed Attributes, and Gender Stereotype Endorsement in Elementary-School-Aged Children." Sex Roles 67.7-8 (2012): 422-34. Web.
judgments about their sense of self based on their knowledge on their culture’s gender roles. It goes on to talk about how there are both positive and negative outcomes when children act on stereotypical gender roles and when they are enforced; it talks about how these positive outcomes could possibly be linked to a low-perceived gender typicality. The article talks about how a higher sense of self-perceived gender typicality has been linked to a higher self-esteem, and vice versa with a (part2) -
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lower sense of self-perceived gender typicality.
