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Period: 177 to 177
The Persecution of a Christian Community at Lyons, Gaul
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Period: 300 to 400
Tribes Uniting in Face of Opposition
In the fourth century → done the individual tribes became conscious of themselves as a people, and Roman opposition to these tribes facilitated their cohesion. -
335
The Teachings of the Alexandrian priest Arius
Essentially a negotiation between the theology of the basic trinity in christianity. Specific teachings included creation being transient and the father being the true god of the trinity. -
380
Battle of Adrianople
Was fought between the romans and the visigoths, co -
415
Encounter of Galla Placidia and Athaulf
Galla Placidia, Roman princess and half-sister of Honorius, emperor of the Western Empire, sat next to Athaulf, barbarian king of the Visigoths. -
Period: 480 to 546
Rule of Benedict of Nursia
His rule gave the European monasticism a settled form -
496
The Franks transition into Orthodox Catholic Christianity
The Franks who came to assume a position of leadership when, in a reprise of Constantine’s conversion, their king, Clovis, became an orthodox Catholic Christian -
Period: 590 to 604
Pope Gregory I the Great fostering dominant institutions of Latin Christendom
Pope Gregory I the Great fostering dominant institutions of Latin Christendom the papacy and monasticism. Partly from policy, more through chance, the papacy gradually became the focus of Western religion and society. Gregory's firmly Latin and Western ideas put a marked distance between him and the contemporary Eastern church, and he was the first pope to take an active interest in spreading the Gospels to the barbarian invaders of the empire, sending St. Augustine of Canterbury to Kent in 597 -
663
Roman Christianity won its crucial test over Celtic
Roman Christianity won its crucial test over Celtic at the Synod of Whitby (663 or 664), when King Oswy of Northumbria chose to adopt Roman practice for his kingdom; over the following century Celtic monasteries generally yielded to Roman practice. When Spain fell to Islam, the British Isles became the most loyal and secure center of Roman Christianity. -
720
Benedictine Monk Chops Sacred Oak
In the early 720s Boniface, the Benedictine monk who bears the title “apostle of Germany,” chopped down an oak sacred to the worship of the German god Thor at Geismar, this was interpreted to be the replacement of the “false gods” of paganism with the Christian deity. -
800
Coronation of Frankish King Charles
The pope crowned the Frankish king Charles, known as Charlemagne, as Holy Roman Emperor. This act recognized an existing reality rather than creating something entirely new, but it has since become a key symbol of the spiritual unity of “Christian Europe” as a cultural identity. -
1054
The Great Schism of 1054
The Great Schism of 1054 split the unity between Eastern and Western Christians, who had both believed they were part of the universal Catholic Church. After the split, Western Christians called themselves Catholics, and Eastern Christians called themselves Orthodox. -
1054
Death of Leo IX
Leo IX, the first in a long line of reforming popes, died in 1054. He was chosen as pope and placed in the position by his cousin, Emperor Henry III. Leo brought advisers from his home in Lorraine and other northern areas, including Humbert of Moyenmoutier, whom he had made the cardinal bishop of Silva Candida in 1050 -
1054
Offical Split of the East and West (Mutual Excommunication between Leo IX and Michael Cerularius)
The East and West had different theological roots—Greek philosophy shaped the East, while Roman law influenced the West—leading to disagreements like the addition of "and from the Son" (Filioque) to the Nicene Creed by the West. Other disputes included clerical celibacy and church practices. Political tensions worsened, and in 1054, mutual excommunications between Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael Cerularius finalized the split. -
1095
Birth of the Council of Clermont
Combining as they did religious zeal, military ambition, national rivalry, and a yearning for the exotic, the Crusades,beginning at the Council of Clermont -
Period: 1198 to 1216
Pope Innocent's Lecture
Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) lectured and got involved in the political affairs of several European countries, including Germany, England, and France. Lutheran beliefs focus on salvation by faith alone, the authority of Scripture, and the priesthood of all believers, following the teachings of Martin Luther. They also supported Christian missions and believed in spreading the Gospel. -
1217
The Fourth Lateran Council
The Fourth Lateran Council of 1215, led by Pope Innocent III, was a key moment in strengthening papal power, with leaders from across Western Europe supporting the Pope. The council explained important teachings, like the belief that the bread and wine in the Eucharist become Christ’s body and blood, and set up rules to fight heresy. -
1396
Turkish victory over the Christian forces at Nicopolis
A major defeat for Christian forces against the Ottomans, led by Sultan Bayezid I. This victory helped the Ottomans strengthen their control in southeastern Europe and delayed Christian resistance to the spread of Islam. -
1530
The Augsburg Confession
This confession in the church had a huge impact on Luthenian culture. -
Period: to
The Lutheran Chorale's Golden Age
The Lutheran chorale, which began with the hymns of Luther himself, flourished from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, producing not only hundreds of new liturgies and hymnals but also the sacred music of Johann Sebastian Bach -
Period: to
Lutheran Formation of SOcieties and Institutions
both sides of the Atlantic were already forming societies and institutes for the study and reform of liturgy ex: the Lutheran Liturgical Association (1907); the Hochkirchliche Vereinigung, founded by Friedrich Heiler (1919); the Berneuchen Circle (1923), from which came the Michaelsbruderschaft (1931) and the Alpirscbacher Circle (1933). -
Period: to
the Kulturkampf: Clash of Christianity and Secularism
A key moment in European history when secularism and Christianity clashed was the Kulturkampf in 19th-century Germany, where the newly unified German empire tried to reduce the power of the Roman Catholic Church. Later, in Nazi Germany, the German Christians movement linked Christianity with Germanic beliefs and Aryan purity. -
Anglican Communion: Revision of the Book of Common Prayer
the first time since the Reformation—grew within such a milieu, first with the American revision, then with revisions in Scotland, Canada, England, South Africa, and the United States in the 1920s. -
Letters Hilaire Belloc
The English writer Hilaire Belloc summed up the importance of the idea that Europe must be Christian in a 1912 quote: "Europe will return to the [Christian] faith, or it will perish. The faith is Europe. And Europe is the faith." -
The Liturgical Movement
The Liturgical Movement in the Episcopal Church in the United States gained strength with the creation of the Associated Parishes for Liturgy and Mission. This movement focused on improving worship practices and making church services more meaningful and accessible to people. -
Episcopal Church's Revised Book of Common Prayer.
Through the publishing of pamphlets and annual conferences, this organization promoted a renewed liturgy within the Episcopal Church, paving the way for the 1979 revised Book of Common Prayer.