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Aug 23, 1500
First Occupants
1500-1608 -
Oct 3, 1500
Native Trading System
The Natives traded through the barter system. This means that in the summer the senditary and nomadic amerindian groups met up to trade, swap or exchange either their hunting surplus or agriculture surplus since the Natives only took what they needed. -
Period: Oct 3, 1500 to
First Occupants
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Oct 27, 1500
Fish
During this period, fish was in great demand in Europe because Christians didn't eat meat on Fridays. The French fishermen would come get the fish, salt it, dry it, and bring it back to Europe. These fishermen came in contact with the Amerindians and traded with them. -
Oct 3, 1534
Cartier's 1st Exploration
In 1534, Jacques Cartier explored the Gulf of St. Lawrence which is when he met the Amerindians and traded a few objects for fur. The Amerindians already knew about trading (algonquins & iroquois) and since the European fishermen in the 16th century. -
Period: to
French Regime
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French Regime
1608-1760 -
Fur-Centered Economy
When the French arrived in New France, they introduced a new trading system to the Amerindians. Now, trading revolved around the fur trade. Soon after, trading posts were set up to help this economy flourish. -
Administration Entrusted to Trade Companies
In wake of the new french colony, the King of France gave the obligation and responsibility of populating and administrating the colony to the trade companies.
Although they were not successful, due to the chartered company system the population was kept small and mostly male. -
Effect of a Fur Based Economy
-The population wasn't big enough therefore the French had to recruits natives to ally with the French and the natives went and got the furs and brought it to the trading post and traded for metals.
-The demand for fur gets bigger so they had to expand the territory where they were getting the fur from
-New trading posts were built: Quebec and Trois Rivieres. The natives brought the fur to the trading posts and traded it with the French for metals. -
Attempts to diversify the economy
Around 1665, Jean Talon was given the task to diversify the economy and populate the colony. His attempts all failed because firsty, the mercantilism system (colony exports it's natural resources to the metropolis and there they are transformed to finished goods and are resold to the colony or other countries). Secondly, there weren't enoguh people to keep up the demand for the fur and have other people working for other jobs too. It would cost too much money to bring in more people to work. -
Beaver Crisis
In 1690, there was a crisis in the fur industry because fur was no longer concidered fashionable. The demand for fur decreased and pelts were piling up in warehouses in France. As a result, the King ordered a slowdown of the fur trade. In 1715, the fur market regained strength when the previously-stored furs were ruined by rodents and insects. -
New Regions
After having noticed that the seigneuries were over populated, new regions were colonized. This was due to the timber industry. There were new regions such as Mauricie, Outaouais, Saguenay, Lac St-Jean, and Laurentides. -
British Regime
1760-1867 -
Period: to
British Regime
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The Fur Trade - British
The fur trade was now in the hands of the English due to the British Regime. The rich English Buisness men had taken over after the French made their way back to France. -
Economic Policies
Britain and Canada end their protectonism treatment. Instead they decide to establish the free trade which means no custom or duties. -
Napoleon's Blockade
In 1806, Napoleon created a blockade that would make it harder for Britain to get timber. Therefore, Britain looked to Canada to get their timber which started the timber industry. -
Timber Industry
After the blockade of Napoleon there was a rise in deman for timber. This led to the Bank of Montreal in 1817 which allowed people to invest their money. As well as new jobs such a sawmills and loggers and also new transportation (canals). -
Merge of Fur Companies
In 1783, there was the creation of the North-West Company by the Americans which soon merged with the Hudson Bay Company. They two companies were competing against each other but since there was a decline in the fur trade they had to merge. This turned out to tbe a success. -
Reciprocity Treaty
Canada signs a Reciprocity treaty with the USA in 1854 (to last 10 years). This treaty meant customs and duties between the two countries temporarily ceased. This was an advantage for Canada because the US was a large market. -
Contemporary Period
1867 to the present day -
Period: to
Contemporary Period
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First Phase of Industrial Development
1867-1900: Skilled craftsmen using expensive and time consuming methods - factories, first assembly lines, more efficient, dangerous, boring work. Producing finished products like making shoes or jackets or pots and pans. Coal/steam engines powered these first manufacturing industries. Many industries in Montreal (food processing (Quebec stopped farming wheat and specialized in dairy, textiles, wood). -
Population Changes
The National Policy favoured immigration. The birth rate in Quebec stayed very high, though many people left Quebec. Many people decided to move to urban centers. There were better job oppertunities in the USA, Ontatio and Western Canada. Unions and stikes began though they were looked down on. -
National Policy
Nationalist politics of MacDonald (1878).
- Increase Custom Duties: (protect/promote Canadian Industries by ensuring Canadians bought Canadian good)
- Build Railway: The Canadian Pacific Railway was to run coast to coast, unify people, and increase trade
- Encourage Immigration: Especially in Western Canada because a bigger population meant a bigger market -
Second Phase of Industrial Development
1900-1930: Instead of using industrial ressources to create the products they use natural recources. For example: brain drain. -
World War I
1914-1918: During World War 1, Canada was forced to fight because Britain joined the war, and there was a concription crisis which forced people to join the war. Woman's rights imporved. They took the men's place in the work force and could vote in place of their husband. Finally, in 1918, women and men were allowed to vote in federal elections. During this war there was an improvement in the economy - for example, building stuff for war (transforming factories). Rise in population(baby boomers) -
Roaring Twenties
The 1920s was a very prosperous decade where everyone was spending money and the economy was doing very well. Canada still had all of its infrastructures so Canada became important for the economy. There was a greater divide between the rich and poor. Many factories opened and new railways were built. -
The Great Depression
-The cause of the Great Depression was the stock market crash of 1929.
-Black Thursday: stocks dropped below zero, people were ruined, many committed suicide
-Many sectors of the economy were hit hard
-Massive lay offs
-Families bought as little as possible
-The gouverment's solutions were work camps, public work projects, direct aid and encouraging farming.
-World War 2 ended the depression (economic boost) -
World War II
1939-1945: This war brought Canada out of depression. During this war, Canada volenteered to join and was not forced by Britain. Woman were involved (women movement). There was eventually another conscription crisis but these soldiers never saw war because it was over by the time they got there. -
Post War Period
In the late 1940s:
Late 1940s after World War 2
-Post war prosperity
-Help Europe rebuild economy
-Natural increase in population
-Immigration
-Population rising because of baby-boom -
Quiet Revolution
The Quiet Revolution began in Quebec in 1960 with the electoral defeat of the Union National by Jean Lesage and his Liberal Party. It can be best described as a rapid and far-reaching process of social, economic, and political reform in Quebec from early to the late 1960s. There was an increase in government intervention.
-Modernizing Quebec's educatinal system
-Weaken the influence of the Church
-Hydro-Quebec becomes goverment owned, trans-Canada expanded, Montreal Metro
